Abstract
The paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of replacing residential use of wood burning stoves for heating with photovoltaic systems for the generation of electricity using storage batteries (PV + storage systems). The research focuses on the city of Temuco (Southern Chile) as a case study, since this city has a high use of firewood for heating (80% of households) and also because this city has been declared by authorities as an area saturated with suspended particles. The total cost corresponds to the acquisition of systems. The reduction of monetary value of the impact of polluting emissions, resulting from the combustion of firewood, on health and traffic accidents is calculated. The interactive tool GDB Compare has been used to calculate the impact of pollution on health both in terms of attributable deaths and disability-adjusted life years. The monetary value of the impact on health has been calculated using two alternative approaches: the value of statistical life and the human capital approach. To identify firewood use requirements, heating degree–days has been used for temperatures ≤15 °C and ≤18 °C. The emissions avoided calculations have been refined, including emissions associated with the manufacture and transport of systems through the life cycle analysis. For all scenarios, the main results show that the savings outweigh the costs.
Highlights
The residential sector in Chile is highly intensive in the use of firewood for heating
We multiply the number of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per GDP net health expenditure per capita in Chile measured in USD 2013, as Equation (4) shows [27]
When we focused on household air pollution from fossil fuels, the highest impact appeared to be from ischemic heart disease in the case of males 0.2 M (USD 2013) and again from diabetes mellitus for females 0.2 M (USD 2013)
Summary
The residential sector in Chile is highly intensive in the use of firewood for heating. The main actions are aimed at diversifying the energy matrix of home, business, and public heating For cases such as the city of Temuco, the Decontamination Plan considers two structural measures: 1) the thermal conditioning of homes, and 2) the substitution of contaminating heating systems by efficient systems that have less emissions [12]. The energy generated by these panels can be partially stored in batteries installed in the home (PV + storage) This facilitates replacement of domestic wood burning stoves with PV + storage systems, avoiding pollutant emissions from wood combustion associated with heating. We assume that standard comfortable heating is necessary when the outside air temperature falls below 18 or 15 degrees Celsius Both levels of temperature are considered in order to provide a sensitive analysis
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