Abstract
(1) Background: Our aim is to reveal the influence of the geometry designs on biophysical stimuli and healing patterns. The design guidelines for dental implants can then be provided. (2) Methods: A two-dimensional axisymmetric finite element model was developed based on mechano-regulatory algorithm. The history of tissue differentiation around eight selected implants can be predicted. The performance of the implants was evaluated by bone area (BA), bone-implant contact (BIC); (3) Results: The predicted healing patterns have very good agreement with the experimental observation. Many features observed in literature, such as soft tissues covering on the bone-implant interface; crestal bone loss; the location of bone resorption bumps, were reproduced by the model and explained by analyzing the solid and fluid biophysical stimuli and (4) Conclusions: The results suggested the suitable depth, the steeper slope of the upper flanks, and flat roots of healing chambers can improve the bone ingrowth and osseointegration. The mechanism related to solid and fluid biophysical stimuli were revealed. In addition, the model developed here is efficient, accurate and ready to extend to any geometry of dental implants. It has potential to be used as a clinical application for instant prediction/evaluation of the performance of dental implants.
Highlights
Dental implants have been widely used to restore tooth function and esthetics
Many features observed in literature, such as soft tissues covering on the bone-implant interface; crestal bone loss; the location of bone resorption bumps, were reproduced by the model and explained by analyzing the solid and fluid biophysical stimuli and (4) Conclusions: The results suggested the suitable depth, the steeper slope of the upper flanks, and flat roots of healing chambers can improve the bone ingrowth and osseointegration
Our models were further validated by comparing the history of bone ingrowth and cell differentiation around implants A and B (i.e., No 1 and 3 implants used by Marin et al [2]) with those in the animal test
Summary
Dental implants have been widely used to restore tooth function and esthetics. The success of surgeries is affected by the design of implant shapes, loading conditions, and bone/tissue differentiation around the implant [1]. The healing chamber is defined as the space between the adjacent threads [2]. Proper healing chamber design improves the osseointegration around the implant, and reduces the healing period. Beutel et al [3] discovered that implants with a trapezoidal healing chamber had the best osseointegration among the cases they considered. Marin et al [2] designed healing chambers with simple geometrical design, and compared the resulting bone ingrowth through histomorphologic evaluation
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