Abstract
Background: Various techniques for tissue engineering have been introduced to aid the regeneration of defective or lost bone tissue. The aim of this study was to compare the in vivo bone-forming potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on induced bone defects in rats' tibiae. Methods: In total, one defect of 3-mm diameter was created in each tibia of 36 Wistar male rats. There were two groups: group A, left tibia bone defects that received PRF; and group B, right tibia bone defects of the same animal that received BM-MSCs loaded on a chitosan scaffold. Subsequently, Scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) analyses was performed at 3 and 10 days, and 3 weeks post‑implantation and following euthanasia; (n=12). Results: The EDX analysis performed for each group and time point revealed a significant increase in the mean calcium and phosphorous weight percentage in the BM-MSC-treated group relative to the PRF-treated group at all-time intervals (P < 0.05). Moreover, the mean calcium and phosphorus weight percentage increased as time progressed since the surgical intervention in the PRF-treated and BM-MSCs groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In the present study, both BM-MSCs and PRF were capable of healing osseous defects induced in a rat tibial model. Yet, BM-MSCs promoted more adequate healing, with higher mean calcium and phosphorous weight percentages than PRF at all-time points, and showed greater integration into the surrounding tissues than PRF.
Highlights
Several biomaterials are used to treat bone deficiencies[1]
The use of tissue engineering approaches has proven to be effective in inducing bone formation by applying mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)[3] or platelet-rich fibrin (PRF)[4]
The capacity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) for bone repair has been well reported in vivo with promising results; BMMSCs remain the most widely used source of osteogenic cells in bone tissue engineering studies[5,6,7] MSCs are undifferentiated cells capable of replication[8] that have the potential to differentiate along multiple cell lineages, giving rise to cells that form mesenchymal tissues, including bone, cartilage and muscle[9]
Summary
Several biomaterials are used to treat bone deficiencies[1]. Autologous bone graft limitations are related to harvesting process including the quality and quantity of grafted bone and complications at the second surgical site, while allogenic bone grafts carry the risk of disease transmission and immunological rejection. The use of tissue engineering approaches has proven to be effective in inducing bone formation by applying mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)[3] or platelet-rich fibrin (PRF)[4]. The purpose of this study was to compare the regenerative capacity of bone marrow (BM)-MSCs and PRF implanted in surgically induced bone defects in rats’ tibiae. The aim of this study was to compare the in vivo bone-forming potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on induced bone defects in rats’ tibiae. Results: The EDX analysis performed for each group and time point revealed a significant increase in the mean calcium and phosphorous weight percentage in the BM-MSC-treated group relative to the PRFtreated group at all-time intervals (P < 0.05). BM-MSCs promoted more adequate healing, with higher mean calcium and phosphorous weight percentages than PRF at all-time points, and showed greater integration into the surrounding tissues than PRF
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