Abstract
Abstract This chapter is a critical overview on headspace ( HS ) and gas chromatography ( GC ) and gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) in the analysis of the plant volatile fraction. The volatile fraction of a matrix of vegetable origin can in general be defined as a mixture of volatiles that can be sampled because of their ability to vaporize spontaneously or under suitable conditions, or else, by adopting appropriate techniques. The above‐mentioned techniques can successfully be combined online thanks to their high compatibility. The first part includes the description of headspace techniques in sampling the plant volatile fraction, in particular, basic concepts, advantages, and limits of static and dynamic headspace (S‐HS and D‐HS), and of high concentration capacity headspace techniques (HCC‐HS) are discussed. The second part concerns fundamentals of GC and its evolution mainly in view of analyzing the plant volatile fraction. In particular, conventional and fast GC as such or coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS), enantioselective GC with cyclodextrins derivatives as chiral selectors, and multidimensional GC are described. Moreover, new stationary phases for GC, derivatization reactions in GC, qualitative analysis (identification), and analyte quantitative determination in plant matrices are also discussed.
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