Abstract
The therapeutic armamentarium for the chronic inflammatory bowel diseases—Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis—is rapidly expanding, yet treatment failure remains common, with substantial impact upon patients’ quality of life and health-care costs, including hospitalisation and surgery.1 There is increasing emphasis on the attainment of deep remission with mucosal healing in the hope of improving outcomes,2 leading to a shift in treatment paradigm towards top-down therapy, with early use of biologic therapy increasingly favoured over conventional therapy (corticosteroids and immunomodulators).
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