Abstract
Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) is an ongoing threat to the pig industry due to the high transmission and mortality rates associated with infection. Live attenuated vaccines such as the CSFV C strain vaccine are capable of protecting against infection within 5 days of vaccination, but the molecular mechanisms through which this early protection is mediated have yet to be established. In this study, we compared the response of pigs vaccinated with the C strain to non-vaccinated pigs both challenged with a pathogenic strain of CSFV. Analysis of transcriptomic data from the tonsils of these animals during the early stages after vaccination and challenge reveals a set of regulated genes that appear throughout the analysis. Many of these are linked to the ISG15 antiviral pathway suggesting it may play a role in the rapid and early protection conferred by C strain vaccination.
Highlights
Classical Swine Fever (CSF) is a contagious, haemorrhagic and often fatal disease of suidae such as pigs and wild boar, caused by the classical swine fever virus (CSFV)
This level of protection corresponds with previous studies in that complete protection from challenge with Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSFV) was observed within 5 days of vaccination, before the onset of an adaptive immune response, which rapidly develops after challenge [12]
In this study we used a transcriptomic approach to identify a subset of genes that are regulated after both vaccination and challenge and that are linked to a distinct antiviral pathway that is up-regulated during this early protective window
Summary
Classical Swine Fever (CSF) is a contagious, haemorrhagic and often fatal disease of suidae such as pigs and wild boar, caused by the classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Despite the classical functional role of IFNs during viral infection, which is to induce the expression of a cohort of antiviral proteins, these high levels of IFN-α are counterproductive They do not limit virus replication, and lead to the development of diseaseassociated immunopathology observed through severe lymphoid depletion, lymphocyte apoptosis. To achieve a greater insight into the host response to vaccination with C strain, porcine microarrays were utilized to analyse the differences in gene expression in tonsil tissue between pigs that were vaccinated with C strain or given a mock inoculum These pigs were subsequently challenged with a virulent strain of CSFV five days post immunization, before an effective adaptive response could be mounted. In this study we have examined transcriptional changes in tonsils at early time points to identify subsets of genes that may be integral to this rapid protection and could support the induction of an early adaptive immune response
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