Abstract

The suboccipital muscles are connected to the upper cervical spinal dura mater via the myodural bridges (MDBs). Recently, it was suggested that they might work as a pump to provide power for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of the suboccipital muscles contractions on the CSF flow. Forty healthy adult volunteers were subjected to cine phase-contrast MR imaging. Each volunteer was scanned twice, once before and once after one-minute-head-rotation period. CSF flow waveform parameters at craniocervical junction were analyzed. The results showed that, after the head rotations, the maximum and average CSF flow rates during ventricular diastole were significantly increased, and the CSF stroke volumes during diastole and during entire cardiac cycle were significantly increased. This suggested that the CSF flow was significantly promoted by head movements. Among the muscles related with head movements, only three suboccipital muscles are connected to the upper cervical spinal dura mater via MDBs. It was believed that MDBs might transform powers of the muscles to CSF. The present results suggested that the head movements served as an important contributor to CSF dynamics and the MDBs might be involved in this mechanism.

Highlights

  • The suboccipital muscles are connected to the upper cervical spinal dura mater via the myodural bridges (MDBs)

  • The myodural bridge (MDB) as dense soft tissue communication extends from the suboccipital musculatures to the cervical spinal dura mater[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]

  • The rectus capitis posterior minor (RCPmi)[1,2,3,4,5,6], the rectus capitis posterior major (RCPma), the obliquus capitis inferior (OCI)[7,8,9,10,11] give off the MDB respectively

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Summary

Introduction

The suboccipital muscles are connected to the upper cervical spinal dura mater via the myodural bridges (MDBs). The results showed that, after the head rotations, the maximum and average CSF flow rates during ventricular diastole were significantly increased, and the CSF stroke volumes during diastole and during entire cardiac cycle were significantly increased. Based on our recent study, a novel hypothesis on the physiological function of MDBs was proposed that suboccipital muscles might work as a pump via the MDBs to provide power for CSF circulation[14,15]. In order to provide an evidence supporting this pump hypothesis, CSF flow at craniocervical junction was investigated by using cine phase-contrast (cine-PC) MR imaging before and after one-minute-head-rotation period in this study

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