Head Loss of Beef Manure Slurry Flow in Polyvinylchloride Pipe

Abstract

ABSTRACT WASTE handling problems are complicated by the large quanti-ties of manure produced, their effect on urban and recreational areas, and limited waste disposal system design criteria. Waste disposal systems can be mechanized with a reasonable invest-ment by handling wastes as a liquid or slurry. Other factors that promote development of hydraulic waste dis-posal transport systems are demands for high efficiencies in energy use, labor use, and simplicity. Engineering design requires using fundamental materials handling properties such as friction loss in the pipe, flow properties, and moisture content, to optimize system efficiency (Stepenoff 1964). Materials handling properties vary significantly for different rations, animal species, and environment (Sobel 1972). They also vary according to geographic area, management practices, and manure handling and collection methods (Loehr 1968). Friction head losses are available for dairy, swine, and poultry manures (Hart et al. 1966, Staley et al. 1972). Hart (1966) reported that friction head loss for animal manure slurries with low total solids (TS) content was lower than that for water, but fric-tion losses increased with increased TS content. Kumar et al. (1972) reported that information on the flow properties of organic was the materi-als is not sufficient to design hydraulic transport systems. Chen and Hashimoto (1975) showed a corre-lation between friction coefficient and Reynolds number for dairy waste; however, fluid flow design data remain inadequate for designing manure slurry systems.