Abstract
Although clinical head CT images are typically interpreted qualitatively, automated methods applied to routine clinical head CTs enable quantitative assessment of brain volume, brain parenchymal fraction, brain radiodensity, and brain radiomass. These metrics gain clinical meaning when viewed relative to a reference database and expressed as quantile regression values. Quantitative imaging data can aid in objective reporting and in the identification of outliers, with possible diagnostic implications. The comparison to a reference database necessitates standardization of head CT imaging parameters and protocols. Future research is needed to learn the effects of virtual monochromatic imaging on the quantitative characteristics of head CT images.
Highlights
By means of FSL, the skull can be subtracted from head CT images by thresholding, and the residual nonbrain tissue can be removed using the FSL Brain Extraction Tool
The CSF space can be subtracted to permit the calculation of the ratio of the brain volume to intracranial volume, to yield the brain parenchymal fraction.[7,8]
An alternative weight estimation for CT imaging is the product of the volume and the radiodensity, or the “radiomass.” the radiomass has the cryptic units of Hounsfield unit (HU) Â cm[3] and has been little explored in the literature, the measure may have clinical meaning
Summary
Where the signal intensity of MR imaging is largely uncalibrated, the image intensity of CT is a scaled and calibrated metric that reflects the radiodensity of the material imaged and offers a quantitative tissue measure, which is not assessed by MR imaging. Studies focused on CT brain volumetrics as derived or inferred from linear measurements, such as sulcal width or ventricular volume.[16] Recent advances in computer software enable automated, statistical modeling of digital methods of analysis of head CT images.
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