Abstract
The KEMAR was developed by Knowles Electronics and introduced in 1972, thoroughly described by Mahlon D. Burkhard, and standardized in ANSI S3.361ASA58‐1985. The KEMAR was provided with ears typical of American and European females as well as Japanese males and females. Larger ears more typical of American and European males have been developed with well‐defined hardness of 0055 and 0035 shore. The ears are readily exchanged with the ITU P57 Type 3.3 ear. The KEMAR is designed to offer lifelike reproducible test conditions and is therefore based on average anthropometric dimensions of an adult human, while other HATS are designed using simplified or average geometric convenient dimensions. The KEMAR may be provided with an artificial mouth system with well‐defined characteristics. The KEMAR also offers well‐defined positioning of microphones for linearization as well as positioning systems for handheld communication systems. Measurements show good agreement with early data published by M. D. Burkhard and R. M. Sachs [‘‘Anthropometric Manikin for Acoustic Research,’’ JASA 58, 214–222 (1975)]. Conclusion: Acoustical measurements carried out since 1972 can still be compared and carried out on a system, which has not changed acoustically except for increased versatility and improved acoustic documentation.
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