Head and neck vascular anomalies in children

Abstract

Vascular lesions are the most common congenital and neonatal abnormalities. The aim of this work is to point out differences between various vascular anomalies, in order to define accurate diagnosis, and to present different therapeutic options now used for the treatment of the vascular lesions in children. According to biological classification described by the work of Mulliken and Glowacki there are two major types of vascular abnormality: haemangioma and vascular malformation. Haemangioma is a distinct biologic tumour entity characterised by rapid endothelial proliferation shortly after birth. The lesion is absent at birth and growth in early infancy, followed by a spontaneous resolution in childhood. Vascular malformations are structural anomalies that have a normal growth rate and endothelial turnover. According to the morphology of the vessels and the flow rate we distinguish: slow-flow and fast-flow vascular malformation. The authors document their personal experience in diagnosis, clinical evaluation, treatment and follow-up of the vascular lesions.