Abstract
Head activator and head inhibitor control nerve cell differentiation in hydra. Head activator acts as a stimulatory signal on nerve cell differentiation by forcing nerve cell precursors, which are arrested before final differentiation, to develop into mature nerve cells. Head inhibitor acts antagonistically by keeping the cells in their arrested state, before mitosis and terminal differentiation. This and other evidence suggest that the arrest of the nerve cell precursors occurs in the G 2-phase of their cell cycle. Nerve cell differentiation can also be induced by wounding the animal. This is a consequence of an initial disinhibition caused by diffusion of head inhibitor out of the tissue and the subsequent release of head activator which then stimulates nerve cell differentiation.
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