Abstract
Within the framework of phase III of the Germany HDR Safety program, an experimental facility was planned and built to investigate and simulate contact condensation processes during emergency core cooling injection during loss-of-coolant accidents. In the pressurized water reactors of the Siemens/UB KWU, the emergency core cooling system is based on a simultaneous cold water injection into the cold leg (nozzle inlet) and into the hot leg (so called ‘Hutze’). The HDR-E33.1/2 test facility is a single-effect test facility with a pipe 8 m long and 187 mm in diameter, as well as a horizontal cold water inlet via nozzle (diameter, 65 mm). The test series E33.0/1 and E33.2 were carried out in May and September 1990, with large variation of the test parameters, water and steam mass flow rates and the system pressure. Two basically different flow patterns predominated during the tests: stratified flow and plug flow. The immediate area surrounding the nozzle region functioned as the zone of the greatest interaction between the steam and cold water, irrespective of the actual flow pattern. This paper is based on a systematization and first physical evaluation, and reviews the significant results from about 170 HDR tests.
Published Version
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