Abstract
Swine pneumonia commonly known as swine pasteurellosis is an infectious disease of swine caused by Pasteurella multocida infection. It has been reported that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a vital role in swine pneumonia progression. However, the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. This research was aimed at investigating the molecular mechanism by which TLR9 regulates swine pneumonia progression. Our findings illustrated that the HD-13 strain of Pasteurella multocida D (HD-13) accelerated TLR9 expression in porcine alveolar macrophage 3D4/21 cells; HD-13 activated the inflammatory response via accelerating TLR9 expression. Mechanistically, HD-13 activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kB (NF-κB) signals. In conclusion, HD-13 may activate MAPK and NF-κB pathways via accelerating TLR9 expression, thereby accelerating the inflammatory response in the progression of swine pneumonia. TLR9 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for swine pneumonia. Our research may provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of swine pneumonia.
Highlights
Swine pneumonia, commonly known as swine pasteurellosis, is a contagious disease induced by Pasteurella multocida infection which is divided into chronic type, acute type, and most acute type according to clinical manifestations and the course of the disease [1]
We aimed to explore TLR9 roles in swine pneumonia progression, and the underlying mechanism was illuminated by evaluating the levels of TLR9 downstream effectors, including myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), Toll-like receptor-associated activator of interferon (TRIF), and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), and the inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)
To explore the role of TLR receptor in swine pneumonia progression, RT-qPCR was conducted to assess the levels of TLRs in 3D4/21 cells, following HD-13 strain of Pasteurella multocida D (HD-13) infection at 0 h, 1 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h, respectively
Summary
Commonly known as swine pasteurellosis, is a contagious disease induced by Pasteurella multocida infection which is divided into chronic type, acute type, and most acute type according to clinical manifestations and the course of the disease [1]. Swine pneumonia has a strong infectivity, and it causes other infectious diseases, which seriously affects economic benefits [2]. It is urgent to elucidate the specific pathogenesis of swine pneumonitis for seeking effective therapeutic drugs. Pasteurella multocida, which is an important zoonotic pathogenic bacterium to infect a variety of livestock, such as poultry and wild animals, results in causing pasteurellosis [5]. Pig is one of the susceptible animals of Pasteurella multocida, which mainly causes swine lung disease [6]. We aimed to study the specific mechanism of swine pneumonia induced by HD-13
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