HCN1 Ion Channel in the Hippocampal CA1 Region Was Involved in Ketamine-Induced Antidepressant Action and Increased BDNF Levels in Mice

Abstract

Bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation improves motor symptoms and treatment-related complications in patients with Parkinson’s disease. However, some patients have trouble adjusting socially after successful neurosurgery, in part because of “unrealistic” expectations and psychiatric disorders. Preoperative psychological interventions focusing on these aspects could be beneficial for such patients.We compared the outcomes of 2 psychosocial approaches—1 based on cognitive restructuration and 1 consisting of 2 interviews—with those of a control group without preoperative preparation. All patients underwent a psychometric evaluation 2 months before surgery (M−2) and again at 3 (M+3) and 6 months (M+6) after surgery. The psychometric evaluation focused on social adjustment using the social adjustment scale–self-report. The psychiatric profile of the patients was also assessed.Of 73 patients initially enrolled, 62 performed the initial inclusion visit (M−2) and the 2 postoperative visits (M+3, M+6). For these 62 patients (52% male), the overall mean age was 59 ± 6.13 years, and the mean disease duration was 9.44 ± 3.62 years. No specific differences were observed for social adjustment between the groups or visits (M−2, M+3, M+6); however, an interaction was found in the cognitive restructuration group at M+6 for the family dimension of the social adjustment scale–self-report.Our results suggest that even if no overall increase in the social adjustment score was observed, patients with Parkinson’s disease eligible for neurosurgery should undergo preoperative psychosocial therapy to define their expectations and help them in their psychological restructuration. This type of therapy, complementary to psychoeducation, could represent an opportunity to prevent postoperative deception and social maladjustment.