HCCI and SICI combustion modes analysis with simultaneous PLIF imaging of formaldehyde and high-speed chemiluminescence in a rapid compression machine

Abstract

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) and Spark Induced Compression Ignition (SICI) of a lean iso-octane air mixture are investigated through simultaneous measurements of planar laser-induced fluorescence at 355 nm and high-speed chemiluminescence in the parallelepipedic combustion vessel of a rapid compression machine (RCM). A radiofrequency igniter with a high energy deposit (305 mJ) is used to investigate the SICI combustion phenomena in lean conditions (Φ = 0.5), relatively close to the frontiers of the SICI regime. Fluorescence images enable to monitor both the development of the cool flame process and the topology and dynamics of reaction fronts during the second stage of ignition. The results are first analyzed from a phenomenological point of view, bringing insights into the understanding of the both HCCI and SICI combustion processes as they take place in the RCM. Additional data are gathered from double-pulse 355 nm PLIF imaging, with focus on the temporal evolution of the cool flame and on the reaction front propagation during hot ignition. From a more quantitative point of view, an analysis of apparent velocities of the reaction zones is then presented, and large variations of these values are observed depending on the experimental conditions. These local quantities are closely related to the global heat release rate which is a key parameter for practical applications of HCCI and SICI combustion modes. The proposed simultaneous diagnostics finally lead to a better understanding in the local reaction modes, namely deflagration, spontaneous ignition fronts and bulk auto-ignition – e.g. volumetric auto-ignition -, which are implied in the combustion processes. The results highlight the complex aerothermal interactions taking place in the RCM vessel, in particular through the pre-ignition thermal stratification. The results suggest the latter strongly affects the HCCI combustion process, but also drives the heat release rate during the second stage of the SICI combustion mode. Furthermore, deflagration fronts are found to be significantly affected by cool flame chemistry, as well as by the large and small scale structures of the fluid flow.