Abstract
The paper investigates the issue of finite element model development for the structural assessment of existing structures on the basis of detailed (terrestrial laser scanning and image-based) point clouds to parametric models generated using HBIM (Heritage Building Information Modelling) technology. Different procedures and software combinations are investigated in order to provide useful hints trying to solve some of the criticalities which are still unsolved albeit the subject has been under investigation since some years now. It is worth noting that, when assets belonging to the cultural heritage domain (CH) are considered, the difficulties increase because of the peculiarity of the structural behaviour and often the singularity of the geometrical shape. The proposed methodology is presented considering the case of the “Paraboloide” of Casale (Italy), a construction from the early reinforced concrete age, which is now a relevant example of Italian concrete industrial heritage mainly due to the thin parabolic vault and the construction methodology that was so innovative for its time.
Highlights
In the field of 3D modelling derived from survey systems that combine image-based and rangebased techniques, the effectiveness of multiscale and multisensor approaches to meet different needs in terms of accuracy of metric and radiometric information of the point model, as well as density of the information content itself, is proven (Murtiyoso et al 2018; Munumer and Lerma 2015)
The 3D survey based on laser scanning (TLS) is by far the preferred one for static or structural analyses, or to investigate the deviations and geometric anomalies of the factories, when it is necessary to obtain descriptive models and further modelling products of the reality under investigation that present simultaneously great reliability in terms of accuracy, information density and independence from environmental conditions at the time of acquisition (Castellazzi et al 2015; Korumaz et al 2017; Georgopoulos et al 2017; Radicioni et al 2017; Lubowiecka et al 2009)
Appl Geomat prospects of low-cost documentation of the built heritage, constituting an alternative solution to three-dimensional data acquisition such as range-based (TLS). This led to consider the 3D survey strategy to be less influential and to emphasize, after handling a point model, the semantic definition of the model offered by BIM approach (Volk et al 2014), that is, the utility of being able to rely on object-based models, which encapsulate both the geometric characteristics of the buildings and the inherent semantic ones (Quattrini et al 2015), above all the materials and construction systems and state of conservation
Summary
In the field of 3D modelling derived from survey systems that combine image-based (typically photogrammetric) and rangebased (laser scanning) techniques, the effectiveness of multiscale and multisensor approaches to meet different needs in terms of accuracy of metric and radiometric information of the point model, as well as density of the information content itself, is proven (Murtiyoso et al 2018; Munumer and Lerma 2015).Surely, the 3D survey based on laser scanning (TLS) is by far the preferred one for static or structural analyses, or to investigate the deviations and geometric anomalies of the factories, when it is necessary to obtain descriptive models and further modelling products of the reality under investigation that present simultaneously great reliability in terms of accuracy, information density and independence from environmental conditions at the time of acquisition (Castellazzi et al 2015; Korumaz et al 2017; Georgopoulos et al 2017; Radicioni et al 2017; Lubowiecka et al 2009). it is not a rule, it is a widespread trend that to prepare topologically structured models to conduct a finite element (FE) structural analysis, a workflow that provides a step for the generation of BIM-based models to obtain an object-based model that contains both geometric and semantic information, is preferred (Dore et al 2015; Barazzetti et al 2015).It is true that in the last decade, rapid and continuous innovations in the field of digital photogrammetry, which has introduced image-matching algorithms and the principles of structure from motion (SfM) derived from computer vision to obtain greater effectiveness in terms of automation, processing speed and quality of 3D results, have revolutionized theAppl Geomat prospects of low-cost documentation of the built heritage, constituting an alternative solution to TLS.This led to consider the 3D survey strategy to be less influential and to emphasize, after handling a point model, the semantic definition of the model offered by BIM approach (Volk et al 2014), that is, the utility of being able to rely on object-based models, which encapsulate both the geometric characteristics of the buildings and the inherent semantic ones (Quattrini et al 2015), above all the materials and construction systems and state of conservation.Starting from the first introduction ((Murphy et al 2009) the concept of HBIM has developed around the paradigm of modelling historical structures using parametric objects contained in a database library. In the context of HBIM modelling, among the most shared concepts that oversee the generation process of numerical model for structural evaluations from point models to a BIM-based model, there is certainly the need to take into account both the geometry and the structural characterization of the built heritage elements, their spatial, topological and semantic relationships (Barazzetti et al 2015; Logothetis et al 2015).
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