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Abstract
Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) is revealed to be inversely associated with thyroid cysts among euthyroid population. TPO-Ab causes autoimmune thyroiditis by bolstering thyroid inflammation. Therefore, at least partly, absence of thyroid cysts could indicate latent thyroid damage. Since participants with subclinical hypothyroidism are reported to have higher HbA1c than normal healthy controls, HbA1c could be inversely associated with thyroid cysts through a mechanism reflecting latent thyroid damage. To investigate the association between HbA1c and thyroid cysts among a euthyroid population, a cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,724 Japanese individuals who were within the normal range of thyroid function [i.e., normal range of free triiodothyronine (T3) and free thyroxine (T4)] and aged 40-74 years. Among this study population, 564 were diagnosed with thyroid cysts. Independently of thyroid related hormones [thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free T3, and free T4] and known cardiovascular risk factors, HbA1c was found to be significantly inversely associated with the presence of thyroid cysts. This association remained significant even after this analysis was limited to participants within a normal range of TSH. The fully adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of thyroid cysts for 1 standard deviation (SD) increment of HbA1c were 0.84 (0.74, 0.95) for total participants and 0.80 (0.70, 0.92) for participants within a normal range of TSH. Among participants with normal thyroid function, HbA1c was inversely associated with the presence of thyroid cysts. The absence of thyroid cysts and higher levels of HbA1c could indicate the latent functional damage of the thyroid.
Highlights
The fluid collected from thyroid cysts is reportedly rich in thyroglobulin [1], which contributes to the synthesis of thyroid hormones such as triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) [2]
Another cross-sectional study reported that the levels of HbA1c in non-diabetic participants with subclinical hypothyroidism were significantly higher than those in normal healthy controls [7]
The absence of thyroid cysts might indicate latent damage to the thyroid, as a previous study on a euthyroid population revealed an independent inverse association between thyroid cysts and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab), which is a known cause of autoimmune thyroiditis [5]
Summary
The fluid collected from thyroid cysts is reportedly rich in thyroglobulin [1], which contributes to the synthesis of thyroid hormones such as triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) [2].We previously identified a significant positive association between thyroid cysts and isolated systolic hypertension among euthyroid participants [3]. Our previous study reported an inverse association between anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) and thyroid cysts among participants with normal thyroid hormone levels [5]. As TPO-Ab inhibits thyroid peroxidase, which plays an important role in synthesizing thyroid hormones [6], the absence of thyroid cysts in euthyroid individuals could indicate latent damage to the thyroid. Another cross-sectional study reported that the levels of HbA1c in non-diabetic participants with subclinical hypothyroidism were significantly higher than those in normal healthy controls [7]
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