Abstract
The publication presents the results of a field test of 2–4 min releases of 96% LNG from a road tanker designed to carry the gas. The release was performed at a pressure of 5.9–6.1 atm at a discharge rate of 1.67–1.78 kg/s from a height of 0.75 m under class B conditions of atmospheric stability. Comparison of the obtained experimental results of the maximum concentrations and the simulation carried out with the EFFECS (11.2.0) software showed that the Gaussian gas model better describes the gas cloud propagation at most control points at this release intensity than the dense gas model. The dense gas model gave only slightly better results along the cloud propagation axis at close distances, not exceeding 25/30 m at ground level. It is shown that concentrations between 71% and 110% LEL are observed at the cloud visibility limit. The maximum value of the temperature drop, in the release axis, at a distance of 4 m amounts to ∆Tmax = 93.3 °C. This indicates that the cloud of the released LNG is almost entirely in the vapour state already in the short distance from the point of release, due to the turbulent outflow of the pressurised gas.
Highlights
LNG is one of the most important commodities used in the industry
From the Mean Relative Bias (MRB) values, it can be seen that at distances not greater than 25/30 m, the dense gas model generally gives a better approximation than the Gaussian gas model
The accuracy of the dense gas model decreases with height, slightly improving with distance
Summary
354.7 MT of LNG was traded in 2019, increasing by 13% over 2018 [1] This growth will continue to be seen due to the undeniably numerous advantages of LNG, in the environmental context. Growing LNG trade is associated with an increased likelihood of uncontrolled releases, during road transport. The fact that 14.3% of all fires in 2018 were transportation fires attests to the frequency of transport-related hazards [2] Another important issue is that, more often than not, local emergency responders, the least prepared to handle gas incidents, will be the first to come into contact with the gas during uncontrolled transport releases
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