Abstract
A discussion showed that petroleum companies such as Exxon Corp. and Continental Oil Co. have practiced land farming of wastes for 10-15 yr. According to R. S. Lewis (Exxon Corp.), sludge is typically spread on the soil in a 7-10 cm thick layer. After water is allowed to evaporate for a few days, the sludge is disked into the soil, and if necessary, other nutrients are added. When the oil content in the top 15 cm of soil has been reduced to about 2-4Vertical Bar3<, another application can be made; generally, this reduction requires about two months. Sludge was applied at the rate of 1008 tons/hectare/yr. SCS Engineers Inc. extrapolated these and other data to estimate that approx. 3Vertical Bar3< of all industrial wastes in the U.S. could be disposed of by land farming for $5-$22/cu m, exclusive of transportation. Recycling is another important method of hazardous waste disposal. For example, waste solvents produced by the electronics industry are of higher quality than virgin materials used in many processes less sensitive to impurities. The discussion also covers new regulations issued by the EPA which force companies within an industry to use acceptable disposal techniques, the use of waste exchanges tomore » recycle hazardous wastes, and chemical treatment of hazardous wastes.« less
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