Abstract
Groundwater pollution in the territory of Bila Tserkva aircraft repair plant developed in a latent form for decades, in a similar fashion to the territory of any object of the supply of petroleum products. In the early 90s of the last century, the first signs of this pollution were detected in places of natural drainage of the groundwater flow directed to the ponds cascade of the Western Hollow. It should be noted that this cascade of ponds located on the border of the arboretum protects the rest of the park by absorbing pollutants that migrate from the plant territory. More than 10 years of research of the contaminated area with the goal of designing remediation measures began and continued after that. This project was not implemented in full because of a lack of funds. Based on a comparative analysis of the results of ecological and hydrogeological studies of the past years and a modern survey of the western part of the arboretum “Olexandria” and the adjacent territory of the former aircraft repair plant, it was established that pollution of the pond “Poterchata” continues to this day. Over the past 12 years, the scheme of pollutants incoming into ponds has changed. At first, the main stream of oil pollutants directed to the upper reaches of the beam was considered as very dangerous. Nowadays, perhaps due to the remediation measures taken, this flow seems to be exhausted. However, there were signs of discharge of a polluted underground stream in the lower reaches of the pond “Poterchata”. In the soil samples from wells drilled near the water edge, the oil content is 600-900 mg/kg, and in places of water sampling from ponds, the content of dissolved hydrocarbons varies from 2 to 3 mg/dm3, that is, 60 times higher than the standard for fish farms ponds. It is assumed that LNAPL and contaminated groundwater move towards the cascade of ponds of the Western Hollow not in a continuous stream, but in the form of narrow tongues in places of increased conductivity, which are consistent with the lateral shallow gullies crossing the slope of hollow. It is possible that over time, oil pollution will reach the lower “Rusalka” pond. However, one cannot exclude the assumption of natural attenuation processes, the significance of which increased after the closure of the plant and a decrease in the volume of LNAPL because of its extraction from the subsoil. In order to confirm or refute the assumptions made and decide on the need to protect the ponds of the arboretum it has been planned to equip the observation points in places where we should expect influent of pollutants.
Highlights
Arboretum “Olexandria” (Bila Tserkva city) is known in Ukraine, and beyond its borders as one of the oldest objects of the nature reserve fund of Ukraine, it has undoubted scientific, aesthetic and historical value
Since 1946, the arboretum has been subordinated to the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NAS)
In the broader list, in addition to the tasks usual for landscape parks, there should be protection of that part of the environment, which, due to its increased sensitivity to the influence of technological factors and the dynamism of the processes that occur in it, requires attention on the protected area, and beyond its boundaries. This is not about pollution of the atmosphere and surface water, which nowadays is the subject of constant attention, but about the underground hydrosphere, or rather its upper part, which is most sensitive to the polluting effect of technogenesis
Summary
Received in revised form: 14.01.2020 developed in a latent form for decades, in a similar fashion to the territory of any object of Accepted: 01.04.2020 the supply of petroleum products. Забруднення підземних вод на території Білоцерківського авіаремонтного заводу, як і будь-якого об’єкту нафтопродуктового забезпечення, розвивалося у прихованому вигляді десятки років. На початку 90х років минулого сторіччя були виявлені перші ознаки цього забруднення в місцях природного дренування ґрунтового потоку, спрямованого в бік каскаду ставків Західної балки, яка розташована на границі державного дендропарку «Олександрія». На основі порівняльного аналізу результатів екологогідрогеологічних досліджень минулих років і сучасного обстеження західній частині дендропарку «Олександрія» та прилеглої до неї території колишнього авіаремонтного заводу встановлено, що нафтопродуктове забруднення найближчого до верхів’я балки ставка «Потерчата» триває до теперішнього часу. Можливо згодом можна очікувати надходження нафтопродуктового забруднення до ставка «Русалка», який розташований нижче за течією від ставка «Потерчата». Ключові слова: нафтопродуктове забруднення, геологічне середовище, ремедіаційні заходи, ґрунтові і поверхневі води
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