Abstract
In this study, the riverbank inundation caused by moderate frequent flooding events (with recurrence periods of less than 20 years), along with the increasingly serious hazards of backward flows in dike-through drainage ditches in the Ningxia Reach of the upper Yellow River (NRYR), were investigated. Then, a comprehensive method for hazard assessment of the floodplains and backward flows in the NRYR was proposed, which fully integrated geographical information systems (GISs), remote sensing (RS), and a digital elevation model (DEM), as well as river dynamics theory. This study first established a one-dimensional unsteady hydrodynamic model for the NRYR. The historical flood hydrology observation from 2012, along with the aerial image measurement data of the study area, were used to calibrate and verify the accuracy of the model. The hazards of riverbank inundation and damages to water affected engineering facilities, as well as the backward flows of dike-through drainage ditches caused by the moderate frequent flooding events, were comprehensively analyzed. Also, this study configured the hazard map and proposed revisions to the flood hazard ranking regime definitions, and discussed the impacts and prevention and control measures of moderate frequent flood damages. The proposed method could effectively meet the hazard analysis demands of the moderate frequent flooding events in the NRYR.
Highlights
Flood disasters are the most devastating, widespread, and frequent natural disasters in human society
A comprehensive method for the hazard assessment of the riverbank inundation caused by moderate frequent flooding and backward flowing in dike-through drainage ditches in the Ningxia Reach of the upper Yellow River (NRYR) was proposed in this study
Many dangerous situations were observed at dike and dam buttress structures, actual measured flood process data of major stage gauging stations in the NRYR during the flood which threatened the flood control safety of many areas on both sides of the river [67,68]
Summary
Flood disasters are the most devastating, widespread, and frequent natural disasters in human society. Yuan et al established a fine-scale hydrodynamic model for flood evolution simulations of the floodplain and dyke-burst flooding in the river-irrigation areas of the Inner Mongolia Reach of the Yellow River, based on a two-dimensional meteorological chromatography theory [15] In another related study, based on integration technology involving GIS and a hydrodynamic model, Tian et al. In order to solve the problems of the hazard assessments of riverbank inundation caused by moderate frequent flooding and backward flow in dike-through drainage ditches, which have become major concerns in the fields of flood control, damage reduction, river regulation planning, and flood control evaluations in the NRYR, this study fully integrated GIS, RS, and DEM technologies with a river hydrodynamic model.
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