Abstract
In Taiwan, the coastal hazard from typhoon-induced storm waves poses a greater threat to human life and infrastructure than storm surges. Therefore, there has been increased interest in assessing the storm wave hazard levels for the nearshore waters of Taiwan. This study hindcasted the significant wave heights (SWHs) of 124 historical typhoon events from 1978 to 2017 using a fully coupled model and hybrid wind fields (a combination of the parametric typhoon model and reanalysis products). The maximum SWHs of each typhoon category were extracted to create individual storm wave hazard maps for the sea areas of the coastal zones (SACZs) in Taiwan. Each map was classified into five hazard levels (I to V) and used to generate a comprehensive storm wave hazard map. The results demonstrate that the northern and eastern nearshore waters of Taiwan are threatened by a hazard level IV (SWHs ranging from 9.0 to 12.0 m) over a SACZ of 510.0 km2 and a hazard level V (SWHs exceeding 12.0 m) over a SACZ of 2152.3 km2. The SACZs threatened by hazard levels I (SWHs less than 3.0 m), II (SWHs ranging from 3.0 to 6.0 m), and III (SWHs ranging from 6.0–9.0 m) are of 1045.2 km2, 1793.9 km2, and 616.1 km2, respectively, and are located in the western waters of Taiwan.
Highlights
IntroductionDue to population growth and impacts of climate change, severe sea states (e.g., typhoon-induced storm surges and storm waves) caused by extreme meteorological conditions such as typhoons, have been increasing the level of threat to human life and property in coastal zones worldwide [1]
Due to population growth and impacts of climate change, severe sea states caused by extreme meteorological conditions such as typhoons, have been increasing the level of threat to human life and property in coastal zones worldwide [1].Landfall caused by typhoons is considered a serious natural disaster [2,3,4]; major catastrophes led by huge storm waves usually occur when a typhoon approaches or passes coastal zones
The maximum significant wave heights (SWHs) of each category were classified into five hazard levels (I to V) and created the storm wave hazard map for the nearshore waters of Taiwan
Summary
Due to population growth and impacts of climate change, severe sea states (e.g., typhoon-induced storm surges and storm waves) caused by extreme meteorological conditions such as typhoons, have been increasing the level of threat to human life and property in coastal zones worldwide [1]. Landfall caused by typhoons is considered a serious natural disaster [2,3,4]; major catastrophes led by huge storm waves usually occur when a typhoon approaches or passes coastal zones. Similar to the storm surge hazard assessment conducted by the authors of [7,8,9] in the Caribbean and Yellow Sea, here, the goal of storm wave hazard assessment is to evaluate and better understand the natural attributes of storm waves (e.g., how high a storm wave is) in the nearshore waters of Taiwan
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