Abstract
Traditional post-harvest operation methods applied in rice fields lack advanced management knowledge and technology, which has led to post-harvest losses. We proposed the concept of Five Time (5T) management for the first time. 5T management divides the whole life cycle of rice into different growth time interval to complete process management. This paper mainly introduces the management of rice grain period, that is, the post-harvest management period, including the operation process management of harvesting, field stacking, drying, warehousing, and storing. In 2019, our research team formulated the 5T management method, which considers the entire post-harvest process, and carried out a pilot application of this method at the Jilin Rice Industry Alliance of Jilin Province. Moreover, to promote the 5T management method, our research team carried out follow-up experiments in rice production enterprises and found severe post-harvest rice losses. This paper combined a large number of literature and the basic theory research of rice post-harvest to analyze the traditional methods for post-harvest processing and the associated rice losses. By implementing the 5T management method, 4.33% of losses incurred during the T1 harvesting period could be recovered. In the T2 field period, drying rice within 48 h after harvesting could reduce losses by 2.5%. In the T3 drying period, the loss rate could be reduced by 1.6% if traditional drying methods were replaced by mechanical drying and by 0.6% if cyclic drying was implemented to prevent over-drying. In the T5 storage period, the loss rate of 7% could be reduced by adopting advanced grain storage technologies such as low-temperature storage. Overall, the rice loss rate could be reduced by 15.43%, which is equivalent to a yield of 32.68 million tonnes of rice. The important factors in each period are strictly controlled in the 5T management method to prevent the post-harvest losses caused by flawed concepts and improper management and to increase the amount of usable fertile land.
Highlights
Food supply is the lifeblood of national economies
The 5TThMe acnoangceemptenotf Five Time (5T) management method fundamentally controls the factors resulting in post-harvest loss of rice, organically combines quality management with operation process management, reduces post-harvest rice loss, improves post-harvest rice loss reduction technology, and considerably increases the yield of rice
If the 5T management method is followed and the drying or stacking times are not more than 48 h, the loss rate due to stacking plants in the field could be reduced by 2.5%, which is equal to a reduction of 5.3 million tonnes
Summary
Food supply is the lifeblood of national economies. Only by ensuring food security can we ensure the security of our rice bowl. Countries have improved food production technology and management methods to ensure the sustainable and stable growth of food production [1,2,3,4,5], reduce the loss and consumption of food post-harvest, and ensure food security. When implementing the 5T management method, our research team carried out follow-up tests with rice production enterprises according to regulations, and found that the 5T management method reduced post-harvest losses in each stage. The 5T management method fundamentally controls the factors resulting in post-harvest loss of rice, organically combines quality management with operation process management, reduces post-harvest rice loss, improves post-harvest rice loss reduction technology, and considerably increases the yield of rice.
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