Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes are among the most harmful pests of cultivated crops causing important economic losses. The ban of chemical nematicides requires the development of alternative agroecological approaches to protect crops against nematodes. For cyst nematodes, egg hatching is stimulated by host plant root exudates. Inducing “suicide hatching” of nematode second-stage juveniles (J2), using root exudates in the absence of the host plant, may constitute an effective and innovative biocontrol method to control cyst nematodes. However, before considering the development of this approach, understanding the effect of soil biotic component on cyst nematode hatching by root exudates is a major issue. The effectiveness of this approach could be modulated by other soil organisms consuming root exudates for growth as soil microbiota, and this must be evaluated. To do that, four different native agricultural soils were selected based on their physicochemical properties and their microbiota composition were characterized by rDNA metabarcoding. To disentangle the effect of microbiota from that of soil on hatching, four recolonized artificial soils were obtained by inoculating a common sterile soil matrix with the microbiota proceeding from each agricultural soil. Each soil was then inoculated with cysts of the potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida, and low or high doses of potato root exudates (PREs) were applied. After 40 days, viable J2 remaining in cysts were counted to determine the efficiency of root exudates to stimulate hatching in different soils. Results showed that (i) when physicochemical and microbiota compositions varied among native soils, the hatching rates remained very high albeit small differences were measured and no dose effect was detected and (ii) when only microbiota composition varied among recolonized soils, the hatching rates were also high at the highest dose of PREs, but a strong dose effect was highlighted. This study shows that abiotic and biotic factors may not compromise the development of methods based on suicide hatching of cyst nematodes, using root exudates, molecules inducing J2 hatch, or trap crops.
Highlights
Crop pest management is one of the major challenges to ensure agricultural production and to cope with the expected increase of the world population
The suicide hatching experiments were conducted on four native soils (NSs) and four recolonized soils (RSs) obtained by inoculating the same soil matrix with the microbiota from the NSs
The main goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of NSs and soil microbiota on the hatching of G. pallida induced by potato root exudates (PREs)
Summary
Crop pest management is one of the major challenges to ensure agricultural production and to cope with the expected increase of the world population. The intensive use of these agrochemical products has led to the detection of chemical in the environment, loss of biodiversity in agrosystems, as well as a rise of human and animal health risks in some agricultural production areas (e.g., Carvalho, 2017). These environmental and human health concerns are at the heart of civil society debates and public health policies, leading to the withdrawal of several chemicals in many countries. It has become necessary to search for new alternative and agroecological solutions for plant protection. Several crops and vegetable industry sectors are left with few solutions
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