Abstract

On Holy Thursday, April 11, 1963, Pope John XXIII signed live on the world's television stations his last and long- awaited encyclical _Pacem in Terris_. Its writing prompted several world events in this period only 18 years after the end of World War II, the period also called the Cold War. Half a year earlier, on October 11, 1962, the Second Vatican Council began, and we still have before our eyes the ceremony with which Pope Francis commemorated the 60th anniversary of its opening in the Basilica of St. Peter with the exposed remains of St. John XXIII with his famous homily critically reacting to various ideological movements in the Church. However, the events of the so-called The Cuban crisis brought John XXIII to the idea of writing a radical anti-war Encyclical letter. Despite the fact that the very name of the Encyclical letter was misused by the communists to create the so-called the peace movement of priests in several countries of the Soviet bloc and therefore reminds us of the significant events of the given time, the Encyclical remains surprisingly relevant even 60 years after it was written.

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