Abstract
Adipose tissue comprises both adipose and non-adipose cells such as mesenchymal stem cells. These cells show a surface antigenic profile similar to that of bone-marrow-derived MSC. The cells derived from the dedifferentiation of mature adipocytes (DFAT) are another cell population with characteristics of stemness. The aim of this study is to provide evidence of the stemness, proliferation, and differentiation of human adipose stem cells (hASC) and DFAT obtained from human subcutaneous AT and evaluate their potential use in regenerative medicine. Cell populations were studied by histochemical and molecular biology techniques. Both hASC and DFAT were positive for MSC markers. Their proliferative capacity was similar and both populations were able to differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. DFAT were able to accumulate lipids and their lipoprotein lipase and adiponectin gene expression were high. Alkaline phosphatase and RUNX2 gene expression were greater in hASC than in DFAT at 14 days but became similar after three weeks. Both cell populations were able to differentiate into chondrocytes, showing positive staining with Alcian Blue and gene expression of SOX9 and ACAN. In conclusion, both hASC and DFAT populations derived from AT have a high differentiation capacity and thus may have applications in regenerative medicine.
Highlights
Multipotent mesenchymal cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can be isolated from various tissues and expanded in vitro; by virtue of their pluripotency, MSCs are a source for clinical applications, mainly tissue injury and immune disorders [1]
Dedifferentiated Mature Adipocyte (DFAT) and Human Adipose Stem Cell Cultures human adipose stem cells (hASC) cells were seeded in a flask and adhered to the surface, and showed fibroblast-like morphology under light microscopy
Mature adipocytes with a large lipid droplet and spherical shape were seeded in flasks and maintained in a “ceiling culture”
Summary
Multipotent mesenchymal cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can be isolated from various tissues and expanded in vitro; by virtue of their pluripotency, MSCs are a source for clinical applications, mainly tissue injury and immune disorders [1]. MSCs are extracted from different tissues—bone marrow (BM-MSCs) [3], fetal membranes of term placenta (hFMSCs) [4,5], dental pulp (hDMSCs) [6], ovarian follicular liquid (FL) [7,8], and adipose tissue (hASCs) [9,10,11]—by different isolation protocols. These cells can be maintained or expanded in vitro and have the ability to assume osteogenic [12], adipogenic, and chondrogenic, as well as neurogenic [13] phenotypes. Adipose tissue (AT) contains a greater number of stem cells compared to other tissues [16] and the cells can be harvested with a minimally invasive surgical procedure
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