Harvested Energy Scavenging and Transfer capabilities in Opportunistic Ring Routing

Junaid Anees,Hao-Chun Zhang,Yiyi Li,Sobia Baig,Bachirou Guene Lougou,Yabibal Getahun Dessie

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3082296

Junaid Anees, Hao-Chun Zhang + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3082296

Copy DOI

Abstract

Energy conservation has always been a prominent design goal for hierarchical routing protocols supporting sink mobility. Advertising the current position of mobile sink introduces control packet overhead which ultimately results in an increase in energy consumption and shorter network lifetime. Energy harvesting through ambient sources have enabled the utilization of rechargeable devices for Wireless Sensor Networks to perpetually remain operational. The modifications in the hierarchical structure of wireless sensor networks along with energy scavenging approaches could possibly minimize the control packet overhead and also provide a significant improvement in energy conservation. In this paper, we propose a novel Harvested Energy Scavenging and Transfer capabilities in Opportunistic Ring Routing protocol which uses a distinguishing approach of hybrid (ring + cluster) topology in which the network architecture is initially supported by the formation of a virtual ring structure and then a two-tier routing topology is used in the virtual ring as an overlay by grouping nodes into clusters. The rate of energy gain from solar harvesting and radio frequency transfer is the criterion for selecting cluster heads. The role of cluster heads is exploited to advertise the mobile sink current position as well as forward the aggregated data towards mobile sink using energy transfer based opportunistic routing. The simulation results reveal that our scheme considerably outperforms the existing benchmarks in terms of control packet overhead, energy conservation, network lifetime, packet delivery ratio and average end-end delay.

Highlights

The existence of a mobile sink is based on the criticality and confidentiality of data in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) i.e. critical data applications such as volcanic eruptions, forest fires or landslide detection will preferably have a static sink node but for applications involving critical and confidential data such as military, security and surveillance, mobile sink will always be preferred for data acquisition purposes in WSNs [1]–[4]
SIMULATION ENVIRONMENT We have evaluated the performance of HESTOR in OMNET ++ and MATLAB 2019b using cross platform library (MEX-API) for simulating WSNs
The performance metrics like control packet overhead, energy consumption, end-to-end delay, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), network lifetime and throughput are analyzed against two parametric benchmarks viz. sink mobility speed and node density

Summary

Introduction

The existence of a mobile sink is based on the criticality and confidentiality of data in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) i.e. critical data applications such as volcanic eruptions, forest fires or landslide detection will preferably have a static sink node but for applications involving critical and confidential data such as military, security and surveillance, mobile sink will always be preferred for data acquisition purposes in WSNs [1]–[4]. Several multi-tier hierarchical routing protocols especially area-based routing protocols are proposed in literature to minimize this overhead. The high tier nodes in these hierarchical routing protocols acquire and store the updated sink position while low-tier nodes query the high-tier nodes to retrieve the updated position of mobile sink. This type of hierarchical routing protocol would result in the significant decrease of advertisement overhead and enhance the energy efficiency. The overall energy consumption could be decreased in multi-tier hierarchical structure, there is a high possibility that high-tier nodes might face hotspot problems due to increased traffic [6]–[9]

Objectives

Results

Conclusion