Abstract
ABSTRACT: The safflower (Carthamus tinctoriusL.) has an uneven flowering and fruiting, which can cause problems in seed production and harvesting in regions with hot and humid climates. However, little is known about the optimal safflower harvest time. Therefore, this study evaluated the optimumtiming for seed harvest of three safflower genotypes (2106, S-325, and 7329).The experiment was a randomized complete block design with six replications. The harvest started 16 days after flowering (DAF) and ended at 52 DAF. Ten harvests were made in total. Seed water content, seeds fresh and dry matter, seed germination, and first germination counts were evaluated.Genotypes 2106 and 7329 had germination rates of 79% and 91%, respectively, at 34 and 38 DAF, while genotype S-325 had 90% germination at 37 DAF. Harvesting at 52 DAF combined with a rainy season impaired the germination of safflower seeds. The harvest time most suitable for safflower occurred between 34 and 42DAF, when the seeds have the seed water content between 26% and 33%.
Highlights
The safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an annual oilseed crop belonging to the Asteraceae family adapted for cultivation under semi-arid conditions (FLEMMER et al, 2015)
This study evaluated the optimal seed harvest time of three safflower genotypes
At 52 days after flowering (DAF), a point outside the curve was observed, where the water content increased from 10% to more than 30% in the three genotypes
Summary
The safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an annual oilseed crop belonging to the Asteraceae family adapted for cultivation under semi-arid conditions (FLEMMER et al, 2015). The seeds are called achenes, have considerable protein (15%16%) and lipid (23%-41%) contents, standing out the linoleic content (72%-84%) and oleic (7%-18%) acids in its oil (AL SURMI et al, 2016; KHALID et al, 2017). It has greater importance for human nutrition, safflower oil has satisfactory characteristics for biodiesel production. Safflower could become an important crop in the Brazilian tropical conditions, which have a long dry period with high temperatures during the winter. To obtain seeds with high physiological quality is important to determine the optimal seed
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