Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of Decoys in Non-Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases: State of the Art

Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran,Evgeny E Bezsonov,Tannaz Jamialahmadi,Stephen L Atkin,Amirhossein Sahebkar

doi:10.3390/jcdd8090103

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of global death, highlighting the fact that conventional therapeutic approaches for the treatment of CVD patients are insufficient, and there is a need to develop new therapeutic approaches. In recent years, decoy technology, decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN), and decoy peptides show promising results for the future treatment of CVDs. Decoy ODN inhibits transcription by binding to the transcriptional factor, while decoy peptide neutralizes receptors by binding to the ligands. This review focused on studies that have investigated the effects of decoy ODN and decoy peptides on non-atherosclerotic CVD.

Highlights

Introduction published maps and institutional affilCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main cause of global mortality, in spite of many years of research and development [1], resulting in an increasing healthcare burden globally [2,3]
We summarized studies that have investigated the effects of ODN and peptide decoys on non-atherosclerotic CVD (Table 1)
Abbreviations used in this table: AAA: abdominal aortic aneurysm; Activator Protein-1 (AP-1): activator protein-1; DC: dendritic cells; HVJ liposomes: hemagglutinating virus of Japan liposomes; IL: interleukin; MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; MMP: matrix metalloproteinases; NF-κB: nuclear factor-kappa B; ODN: oligodeoxynucleotides; PLB: phospholamban; VSMCs: vascular smooth muscle cells; SD: Sprague–Dawley; SMCs: smooth muscle cells

Summary

Decoys toto draw attention away from a particular

A decoy is is defined definedas assomething somethingthat thatisisaimed aimed draw attention away from a particsituation or from an intended course of action. Localliposomes, delivery is transfer, biolistic lipidoids, cationic considered the most effective approach for overcoming systemic administration problipid-based nanoparticles, virus of Japan (HVJ) liposomes (the delivery time is approxilems; local delivery is only possible for a few organs such as the lungs and the mately 15–30 min and sustainability up to 1–2 weeks), bacterial vectors, hemagglutinating eyes [13]. Nanoparticles, palmitoyl-oleyl-phosphatidylcholine poly(glycoamidoamine)s, Various delivery systems for decoys may be(POPC), employed, including electricallyand enbiodegradable polymer d,l lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) bombardment, are some examples of carriers for hanced transfer, pressure-mediated transfer, biolistic lipidoids, cationic decoy delivery liposomes, lipid-based nanoparticles, virus of Japan (HVJ) liposomes (the delivery time is approximately 15–30 min and sustainability up to 1–2 weeks), bacterial vectors, hemag3.glutinating. Potential of Decoys microsphere-aided delivery, steroid mediated gene transfer, peptide-mediThe application of decoy technology as chimeras, a therapeutic tool has been considered in ated delivery, and aptamer/oligonucleotide exosomes and cell-based carriers various. We summarized studies that have investigated the effects of ODN and peptide decoys on non-atherosclerotic CVD (Table 1)

Results

Nuclear Factor-Kappa B

Other Targets

Findings

Conclusions