Harnessing the potential of electrospun TiO2 nanofibers and nanoparticles enriched with natural dyes: a path towards affordable aolutions for low-cost electronic devices

Abstract

Abstract This study evaluates the morphological effects of TiO2 nanoparticles, nanofibers, and a bilayer configuration on electronic devices, such as Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) and UV sensors. Cost-efficient natural dyes—curcumin, coffee beans, and banana peel—were used as sensitizers for nanomaterial films. TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using the sol–gel technique, while nanofibers were produced via electrospinning. Characterization techniques, including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive x-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and x-ray Diffraction (XRD), confirmed the formation and dimensions of the TiO2 nanostructures. UV–visible spectroscopy was used to determine the optical properties of the samples. TiO2 nanofibers and nanoparticles exhibited high surface-area-to-volume ratios, with nanofibers having a diameter of 20 nm and particles measuring 50 nm. A binder-free, low-temperature paste was prepared using TiO2 nanoparticles and nanofibers to develop thin films. The turmeric dye showed peak absorption at 470 nm with a band gap energy of 2.06 eV when loaded on a TiO2 bilayer film. This study aims to develop electronic devices that reduce costs and enhance performance by using low-cost, efficient, and economically viable dyes. TiO2 nanofiber and nanoparticle films show promise for cost-effective and high-performance electronic devices.