Abstract
Citrus processing generates high volumes of co-products namely, peel and pulp and the peel comprises approximately 25 % of total weight of the fruit. Because citrus peel is rich in nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, cellulose and vitamins, its reprocessing is becoming increasingly important. Products derivable from citrus peel include dried peel, peel powder, pectin, peel essential oil, citric and lactic acids, brandy spirit, feed yeast, vinegar, marmalade and candied peel. Growing consumer interest towards citrus oil and powder has fuelled the demand for citrus peels market. Food and Beverages, Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics industries in Nigeria depend on imports to meet the essential oils, resinoids and other citrus extracts requirement. According to the Nigeria Customs Service, a total of 183,607 kg of essential oils of citrus worth ₦244.84 million was imported into Nigeria form 2016 to 2020. Nigeria produces about 4.1 million tonnes of citrus fruits annually thereby generating over 1 million tonnes of citrus peels. The growing demand for natural flavouring agents and functional food products are driving the growth in the global citrus peel extract market for industrial applications. Therefore, there is need to develop citrus peel value chain in Nigeria for job and wealth creation. Aggregation of small groups of women and youths in cooperative societies together with training on best practices for peel collection and drying method to get premium peel is recommended to strengthen the supply chain. Establishment of citrus peel processing outfits is also recommended as a viable option to add more value to the commodity, produce raw materials for the industry and curb importation. Keywords: Citrus peel, Citrus extract, essential oil, resinoids, value-chain, supply-chain DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/11-20-02 Publication date: October 31 st 2021
Highlights
Citrus fruits (Rutaceae family), including orange (Citrus sinensis), lemon (Citrus limon), mandarin (Citrus reticulata), and grapefruit (Citrus paradise), are the most produced fruits worldwide
A large amount of citrus peel is produced, which comprises approximately 25% of the total weight of the fruit (Yang, 2016a) and most often, the peel is discarded as waste despite the fact that it contains a wide variety of secondary components with substantial antioxidant activity in comparison to other parts of the fruit
Because citrus peel is rich in nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, food cellulose and vitamins, reprocessing of citrus peel is becoming increasingly important
Summary
Citrus fruits (Rutaceae family), including orange (Citrus sinensis), lemon (Citrus limon), mandarin (Citrus reticulata), and grapefruit (Citrus paradise), are the most produced fruits worldwide. The peel contains several functional components, such as essential oil, pectin, carotenoids, hesperidin, and limonene, which are important raw materials in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The utilization of these functional components of citrus peel has become an important part of the citrus-processing industry (Yang, 2016a). Citrus peels (Figure 1) are processed to essential oils and blended powder to infuse the aromatic flavors of lemon, lime, orange, tangerine and others in various products. The amount of processed and exported dried citrus peel in major producing countries like China and Japan has increased tremendously (Yang, 2016b). Rising consumer awareness on the negative impact of chemical ingredients on health is driving the market for natural products
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