Harnessing Endogenous Cellular Mechanisms for Bone Repair.

Claudia Lo Sicco,Roberta Tasso

doi:10.3389/fbioe.2017.00052

Abstract

Although autologous tissue transplantation represents a valid approach for bone repair, it has encountered crucial barriers in therapeutic translation, not least the invasive process necessary for stem cell isolation. In recent years, the scientific community has made significant strides for identifying new treatment options, and great emphasis has been placed on the tight interaction between skeletal and immune system in modulating the outcome of bone repair. Within the context of specific injury environmental cues, the cross talk among inflammatory cells and tissue resident and/or circulating progenitor cells is crucial to finely coordinate repair and remodeling processes. The appropriate modulation of the inflammatory response can now be considered a new trend in the field of regenerative medicine, as it raises the attracting possibility to enhance endogenous progenitor cell functions, finally leading to tissue repair. Therefore, new treatment options have been developed considering the wide spectrum of bone–inflammation interplay, considering in particular the cell intrinsic cues responsible for the modulation of the injured environment. In this review, we will provide a panoramic overview focusing on novel findings developed to uphold endogenous bone repair.

Highlights

Harnessing Endogenous Cellular Mechanisms for Bone RepairAutologous tissue transplantation represents a valid approach for bone repair, it has encountered crucial barriers in therapeutic translation, not least the invasive process necessary for stem cell isolation
Bone regeneration represents a series of biological events orchestrated by a large number of mediators and cellular elements leading to cell recruitment, proliferation, and differentiation (Einhorn and Gerstenfeld, 2014)
The dynamic process underlying bone healing involves the interactions of cells, cytokines and matrix and requires concerted events, consisting of early inflammatory response, hard callus formation, and bone union followed by remodeling (Giannoudis et al, 2007; Gómez-Barrena et al, 2015)

Summary

Harnessing Endogenous Cellular Mechanisms for Bone Repair

Autologous tissue transplantation represents a valid approach for bone repair, it has encountered crucial barriers in therapeutic translation, not least the invasive process necessary for stem cell isolation. The scientific community has made significant strides for identifying new treatment options, and great emphasis has been placed on the tight interaction between skeletal and immune system in modulating the outcome of bone repair. The appropriate modulation of the inflammatory response can be considered a new trend in the field of regenerative medicine, as it raises the attracting possibility to enhance endogenous progenitor cell functions, leading to tissue repair. New treatment options have been developed considering the wide spectrum of bone–inflammation interplay, considering in particular the cell intrinsic cues responsible for the modulation of the injured environment. We will provide a panoramic overview focusing on novel findings developed to uphold endogenous bone repair

INTRODUCTION

BY FRACTURE HEALING

BMP signaling pathway

CONCLUSION