Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) represent an important new plant hormone class marked by their multifunctional roles in plants and rhizosphere interactions, which stimulate hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and seed germination of root parasitic plants. SLs have been broadly implicated in regulating root growth, shoot architecture, leaf senescence, nodulation, and legume–symbionts interaction, as well as a response to various external stimuli, such as abiotic and biotic stresses. These functional properties of SLs enable the genetic engineering of crop plants to improve crop yield and productivity. In this review, the conservation and divergence of SL pathways and its biological processes in multiple plant species have been extensively discussed with a particular emphasis on its interactions with other different phytohormones. These interactions may shed further light on the regulatory networks underlying plant growth, development, and stress responses, ultimately providing certain strategies for promoting crop yield and productivity with the challenges of global climate and environmental changes.
Highlights
Published: 1 November 2021Plant hormones, known as phytohormones, are chemicals produced in very low concentrations to regulate the growth of almost all plant species
This newly defined phytohormone was discovered by the research of the parasitic plant Striga lutea in the 1960s; the witchweed used the SLs as a signal to initiate germination from the roots of host plants for survival due to the lack of photosynthetic capabilities [6]
Recent studies illustrated that the involvement of SLs/KARs in plant-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) or -rhizobia interactions further expanded their functions beyond their roles in plant development and plant-parasite interactions [14,39,40,41,42], suggesting that SLs or KARs act as a rhizosphere signal to promote the plant-AMF symbioses by promoting spore germination and hyphal branching [33]
Summary
Known as phytohormones, are chemicals produced in very low concentrations to regulate the growth of almost all plant species. Recent studies illustrated that the involvement of SLs/KARs in plant-AMF or -rhizobia interactions further expanded their functions beyond their roles in plant development and plant-parasite interactions [14,39,40,41,42], suggesting that SLs or KARs act as a rhizosphere signal to promote the plant-AMF symbioses by promoting spore germination and hyphal branching [33] Aside from their numerous physiological impacts on root growth, shoot branching, and mycorrhizal branching, SLs have been linked to legume nodulation [14,39,40,43]. We intended to highlight the updated progress about the SLs biosynthesis, perception, and signaling, and further discussed how the SLs crosstalk with other hormones to control the extent of plant development in various plant species
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