Abstract
About 40 % of the liver transcriptome display a circadian expression. Recently, harmonic oscillations of the circadian rhythm and independent of the circadian clock have been identified. Transcripts oscillating with a 12h period are involved in fundamental and ubiquitous cellular mechanisms such as proteostasis, lipid metabolism or RNA metabolism. A 12h ultradian oscillator involving the UPR response regulator XBP1, the coactivator SRC-3 and the speckle protein SON has been uncovered. The XBP1 oscillator and the 12h ultradian transcriptome are highly conserved suggesting an early emergence that may date back to a time when the Earth's day was much shorter than 24h.
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