Abstract
Power-electronic interfacing based devices such as wind generators (WGs) and electrical vehicles (EVs) cause harmonic distortions on the power grid. Higher penetration and uncoordinated operation of WGs and EVs can lead to voltage and current harmonic distortions, which may exceed IEEE limits. It is interesting to note that WGs and EVs have some common harmonic profiles. Therefore, when EVs are connected to the grid, the harmonic pollution EVs impart onto the grid can be reduced to some extent by the amount of wind power injecting into the grid and vice versa. In this context, this work studies the impact of EVs on harmonic distortions and careful utilization of wind power to minimize the distortions in distribution feeders. For this, a harmonic unbalanced distribution feeder model is developed in OpenDSS and interfaced with Genetic Algorithm (GA) based optimization algorithm in MATLAB to solve optimal harmonic power flow (OHPF) problems. The developed OHPF model is first used to study impact of EV penetration on current/voltage total harmonic distortions (THDs) in distribution grids. Next, dispatch of WGs are found at different locations on the distribution grid to demonstrate reduction in the current/voltage THDs when EVs are charging.
Highlights
Electric vehicles (EVs) and wind energy provide economic and environmental benefits, which demonstrate their large-scale interconnection possibilities at distribution grid level
The harmonic reduction observed in the coordinated optimal dispatch is significant as the voltage total harmonic distortions (THDs) reductions for high EV penetration are below 5%
A harmonic decoupled power flow model is developed to study the impact of EVs and wind generators (WGs) on the current and voltage THDs
Summary
Electric vehicles (EVs) and wind energy provide economic and environmental benefits, which demonstrate their large-scale interconnection possibilities at distribution grid level. The distribution system operator requires harmonic analysis tools and optimal harmonic power flow type models to reduce the harmonic pollution by controlling EV charging and WG output In this context, this paper contributes on the following:. The same model is used to demonstrate that careful dispatch of WGs can help to reduce the harmonic distortions caused by the EVs. To develop optimal harmonic power flow (OHPF) model that utilizes previous HPF model as constraints and WGs as decision variables, and solution method based on GA. The model is used to find optimal dispatch WGs that will reduce the voltage or current THDs in the distribution circuit with varying penetration level of the EVs. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 describes the HPF and and OHPF models.
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