Harmaline competitively inhibits [ [formula omitted]]MK-801 binding to the NMDA receptor in rabbit brain

Abstract

Harmaline, a β-carboline derivative, is known to produce tremor through a direct activation of cells in the inferior olive. However, the receptor(s) through which harmaline acts remains unknown. It was recently reported that the tremorogenic actions of harmaline could be blocked by the noncompetitive NMDA channel blocker, MK-801. This study examined whether the blockade of harmaline's action, in the rabbit, by MK-801 was due to a pharmacological antagonism at the MK-801 binding site. This was accomplished by measurement of [ 3H ]MK-801 binding in membrane fractions derived from tissue containing the inferior olivary nucleus and from cerebral cortex. Harmaline completely displaced saturable [ 3H ]MK-801 binding in both the inferior olive and cortex with apparent IC 50 values of 60 and 170 μM, respectively. These IC 50 values are consistent with the high doses of harmaline required to produce tremor, e.g., 10–30 mg/kg. Non-linear curve fitting analysis of [ 3H ]MK-801 saturation experiments indicated that [ 3H ]MK-801 bound to a single site and that harmaline's displacement of [ 3H ]MK-801 binding to the NMDA receptor was competitive as indicated by a shift in K d but not in B max. In addition, a Schild plot gave a slope that was not significantly different from 1 indicating that harmaline was producing a displacement of [ 3H ]MK-801 from its binding site within the NMDA cation channel and not through an action at the glutamate or other allosteric sites on the NMDA receptor. These findings provide in vitro evidence that the competitive blockade of harmaline-induced tremor by MK-801 occurs within the calcium channel coupled to the NMDA receptor. Our hypothesis is that harmaline produces tremor by acting as an inverse agonist at the MK-801 binding site and thus opening the cation channel.