Hardware implementation of Firefly algorithm-based maximum power point tracking on Arduino

Abstract

In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a Firefly Algorithm-based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) system on an Arduino platform, aimed at optimizing the performance of photovoltaic systems under variable environmental conditions, particularly partial shading. The Firefly Algorithm was chosen for its ability to efficiently locate the global maximum power point in the presence of multiple local maxima caused by non-uniform irradiance. The experimental setup utilized a Boost converter controlled by the Arduino, dynamically adjusting the duty cycle to maintain the PV system at its optimal operating point. Results demonstrated the system's effectiveness in responding to changes in solar irradiance, ensuring consistent maximum power output. Building on this, our research highlights the use of low-cost hardware like Arduino for implementing advanced MPPT algorithms, bridging the gap between theoretical research and practical applications. The study emphasizes that even with limited resources, significant gains in efficiency can be achieved in renewable energy systems. The findings suggest that using such a platform not only reduces costs but also enhances the accessibility of advanced MPPT technologies in real-world applications, making them a viable option for broader adoption.