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Abstract
Abstract The established methods for testing the hardness of wood are of questionable value for assessing the performance of surface-densified wood, since the density profile beneath the densified surface is an important property that needs to be considered. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the density profile of surface-densified wood and the hardness test parameters, such as indenter geometry and applied load on the measured hardness. The influence of the density profile varied considerably depending on the hardness test parameters. This can make a comparison of hardness values of surface-densified wood prone to misinterpretation. The selection of hardness test parameters should either be product-specific, or the density profile itself should be used to evaluate the hardness of surface-densified wood. A strong influence of the density profile on the indentation depth development during the hardness tests indicates the possibility of predicting the density profile based on the hardness test methods.
Highlights
IntroductionDensity is one of the most important characteristics of wood as it correlates with most mechanical properties (Kollmann 1936)
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the density profile of surface-densified wood and the hardness test parameters, such as indenter geometry and applied load on the measured hardness
The density profile (DP) of the specimens densified without chemical pretreatment (D1–D8) are fairly similar in shape, location and density of the peak region, but there is a clear difference between these DPs and the DPs of the groups that have been pre-treated with ionic liquid (IL)
Summary
Density is one of the most important characteristics of wood as it correlates with most mechanical properties (Kollmann 1936). High-density wood is preferable to low-density wood in applications where high strength, hardness, or resistance against wear are of importance. I.e. the compression of the entire volume of wood, normally leads to a reduction in wood volume of about 50–70%, whereas surface densification limits the density increase to the surface region. This results in only a slight decrease in the total wood volume, whilst achieving a similar resistance to mechanical stresses in the surface region. Surface densification of low-density wood species for use in products such as flooring and table-tops – where a hard and wearresistant surface is of primary interest – has a potential economic advantage over the use of bulk densification or high-density wood species. Large-scale industrial implementation has not yet been achieved, recent developments have been promising (Neyses 2019)
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