Abstract
In order to focus light or x rays, the thickness of a refractive lens is typically varied over its aperture. Here, we present a refractive x-ray lens made of lamellae of constant thickness, the refractive lamellar lens. Refractive power is created by a specific bending of the lamellae rather than by a concave lens profile. This very special design has the technological advantage that materials like sapphire or diamond can be used to make lenses by coating techniques. A first lens prototype focused x rays with a photon energy E = 15.25 keV to a lateral beam size of 164 nm × 296 nm full width at half maximum.
Highlights
In order to focus light or x rays, the thickness of a refractive lens is typically varied over its aperture
We present a refractive x-ray lens made of lamellae of constant thickness, the refractive lamellar lens
Hard x-ray microscopy is ideally suited for this type of structure determination in terms of elemental composition,1 chemical state,2 and local atomic structure3 with minimal sample preparation and inside of special sample environments, such as microfluidic cells4 or chemical reactors
Summary
In order to focus light or x rays, the thickness of a refractive lens is typically varied over its aperture. It consists of a set of lamellae of constant thickness that are shaped to generate a parabolic transmission profile in one dimension (cf Fig. 1). Minimization of the diffraction limit dt is achieved by reducing the focal length f and using a lens material with low atomic number and high density q.9,13 nanofocusing lenses made of diamond or sapphire are advantageous.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
