Hard-magnetic soft magnetoelastic materials: Energy considerations

Abstract

In the finite magnetoelastic deformation context, the Zeeman magnetic energy on its own is found to be inconsistent with the general theory of nonlinear magnetoelasticity. An appropriate additional term, depending on the definition of the reference configuration magnetization, is used to modify the total magnetoelastic energy to confer consistency. In particular, this confirms that the total Cauchy stress tensor is symmetric, in contrast to recent conclusions in the literature where the Zeeman magnetic energy was utilized.