Harafish and Zaar in the era of the Mamluk sultans 648-923 AH / 1250-1517 AD

Abstract

In this study, we highlight two social groups that appeared in the era of the Mamluks who ruled Egypt and Bilad al-Sham, namely the class of Harafish that appeared in Egypt, and al-Zu`r in Damascus. We try to understand the objective reasons that led to their appearance in terms of their presence and their characteristics that distinguish them from the rest of society, their influence in the Egyptian and Damascene society, as well as the actions they have undertaken that were considered alien to the customs and traditions of Islamic societies, as well as the position of the Mamluk authority on these two sects and the reasons That led to the agreement of the authorities in suppressing them until their affairs became more difficult and it became difficult to curb them, especially after the voices came out to put an end to the problems they created in their areas of presence