Abstract
What is driving the accelerated expansion of the universe and do we have an alternative for Einstein's cosmological constant? What is dark matter made of? Do extra dimensions of space and time exist? Is there a preferred frame in the universe? To which extent is left-handedness a preferred symmetry in nature? What's the origin of the baryon asymmetry in the universe? These fundamental and open questions are addressed by precision experiments using ultra-cold neutrons. This year, we celebrate the 50th anniversary of their first production, followed by first pioneering experiments. Actually, ultra-cold neutrons were discovered twice in the same year – once in the eastern and once in the western world [1, 2]. For five decades now research projects with ultra-cold neutrons have contributed to the determination of the force constants of nature's fundamental interactions, and several technological breakthroughs in precision allow to address the open questions by putting them to experimental test. To mark the event and tribute to this fabulous object, we present a birthday song for ultra-cold neutrons with acoustic resonant transitions [3], which are based solely on properties of ultra-cold neutrons, the inertial and gravitational mass of the neutron m, Planck's constant h, and the local gravity g. We make use of a musical intonation system that bears no relation to basic notation and basic musical theory as applied and used elsewhere [4] but addresses two fundamental problems of music theory, the problem of reference for the concert pitch and the problem of intonation.
Highlights
What is an ultra-cold neutron? Following a pragmatic definition [5], such a neutron is able to become reflected from a given surface under any angle of incidence
What is driving the accelerated expansion of the universe and do we have an alternative for Einstein’s cosmological constant? What is dark matter made of? Do extra dimensions of space and time exist? Is there a preferred frame in the universe? To which extent is left-handedness a preferred symmetry in nature? What’s the origin of the baryon asymmetry in the universe? These fundamental and open questions are addressed by precision experiments using ultra-cold neutrons
We make use of a musical intonation system that bears no relation to basic notation and basic musical theory as applied and used elsewhere [4] but addresses two fundamental problems of music theory, the problem of reference for the concert pitch and the problem of intonation
Summary
What is an ultra-cold neutron? Following a pragmatic definition [5], such a neutron is able to become reflected from a given surface under any angle of incidence. The search for a permanent electric dipole moment of the neutron investigates a high-energy scale in particle physics that cannot be reached by accelerators on Earth. The measurements are made with ultra-cold neutrons stored in a cell permeated by uniform electric and magnetic fields [6, 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16]. Other searches include a conversion of a neutron into an antineutron [56] or mirror-neutron [57, 58] or a decay into a hypothetical dark matter particle [59]
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