Abstract
The importance of haploid and doubled haploid (DH) techniques for basic and applied research, as well as to improve the speed of genetic gain when applied in breeding programs, cannot be overstated. They have become routine tools in several major crop species, such as maize (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). DH techniques in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), an important forage species, have advanced to a sufficiently successful and promising stage to merit an exploration of what their further developments may bring. The exploitation of both in vitro and in vivo haploid and DH methods to (1) purge deleterious alleles from germplasm intended for breeding; (2) develop mapping populations for genetic and genomic studies; (3) simplify haplotype mapping; (4) fix transgenes and mutations for functional gene validation and molecular breeding; and (5) hybrid cultivar development are discussed. Even with the comparatively modest budgets of those active in forage crop improvement, haploid and DH techniques can be developed into powerful tools to achieve the acceleration of the speed of genetic gain needed to meet future agricultural demands.
Highlights
Biomass, produced by agriculture, is humanity’s main source of food, feed, and functional materials, such as fibre for cloth, construction wood, and industrial starches
This review aims to illustrate the importance of allocating time and resources towards further developing the efficiency and efficacy of haploid and doubled haploid (DH) techniques for forage crop breeding
DH techniques in perennial ryegrass have advanced to a sufficiently successful and promising stage to warrant a tentative glance at what future developments in this field may bring to both breeding and research [12]
Summary
Biomass, produced by agriculture, is humanity’s main source of food, feed, and functional materials, such as fibre for cloth, construction wood, and industrial starches. In the latter half of the previous century, our agricultural systems generated higher yields than ever before during the Green. More output with less input, in terms of agrochemicals, fertilizers, and water, on the existing cultivated land area is the current mandate [3] Sustainability issues, such as biodiversity conservation, maintaining ecological services, and safeguarding soil fertility should be addressed by modern agriculture in order to achieve both global food security and environmental sustainability [4]
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