Abstract
Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) is a severe respiratory disease caused by Sin Nombre virus in North America (SNV). As of January 1, 2020, SNV has caused 143 laboratory-confirmed cases of HCPS in Canada. We review critical aspects of SNV virus epidemiology and the ecology, biology, and genetics of HCPS in Canada.
Highlights
Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) is a severe respiratory disease caused by Sin Nombre virus (SNV) in North America
Sin Nombre virus (SNV; family Hantaviridae, genus Orthohantavirus, species Sin Nombre orthohantavirus) is the primary etiologic agent of a severe respiratory illness known as hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) or hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), of which ≈1,000 cases have been confirmed across North America
SNV was identified after an outbreak in 1993, and association with the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) was established [1,2]
Summary
As of January 1, 2020, SNV has caused 143 laboratory-confirmed cases of HCPS in Canada. The mean age of HCPS patients in Canada is 40; cases have occurred in all age brackets from 10–70 years of age (median 42, range 7–76 years of age) (Figure 2, panel C). Sequence data for HCPS cases in Canada appear to share a relatively recent common ancestor This ancestor appears to have diverged from viruses from deer mice in eastern Canada (Ontario eastward) before diversifying into the western Canada (Manitoba westward) genotypes that have most commonly caused clinical disease in humans and are found in deer mice from western Canada (Appendix Figure 1, panels A–C). Comparison of outcomes for confirmed cases of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in male and female patients, Canada
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