Abstract
A literature review was undertaken to identify methods being used to handle and treat hatchery waste. Hatchery waste can be separated into solid waste and liquid waste by centrifuging or by using screens. Potential methods for treating hatchery waste on site include use of a furnace to heat the waste to produce steam to run a turbine generator or to use an in line composter to stabilise the waste. There is also potential to use anaerobic digestion at hatcheries to produce methane and fertilisers. Hatcheries disposing wastewater into lagoons could establish a series of ponds where algae, zooplankton and fish utilise the nutrients using integrated aquaculture which cleans the water making it more suitable for irrigation. The ideal system to establish in a hatchery would be to incorporate separation and handling equipment to separate waste into its various components for further treatment. This would save disposal costs, produce biogas to reduce power costs at plants and produce a range of value added products. However the scale of operations at many hatcheries is too small and development of treatment systems may not be viable.
Highlights
The poultry industry produces large amounts of hatchery waste which includes solid waste and wastewater
This review has identified alternate methods of handling and processing hatchery waste that could be utilised
Hatchery waste can be separated into solid waste and liquid waste by centrifuging Alternatively inclined screens and the use of a belt or filter press can separate the components of the waste
Summary
The poultry industry produces large amounts of hatchery waste which includes solid waste and wastewater. Traditional disposal methods for solid hatchery waste include land fill, composting, rendering, and incineration [1]. Hatchery waste could be developed into high protein feedstuffs, other value added products or utilised as an organic fertiliser after appropriate treatment. If large amounts of wastes from animal production are directly applied into the soil, it pollutes the environment, including the ground water [8,9]. In particular high protein waste leads to high nitrogen losses with 50% of total nitrogen lost in a few months [10]; resulting in enrichment of ground water, lakes or streams, pathogen distribution, production of phytotoxic substances, air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Given the large volumes of hatchery waste that needs disposal a review was conducted to identify potential methods of handling and processing the hatchery waste
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