Abstract
BackgroundThis study compares handgrip strength and its association with mortality across studies conducted in Moscow, Denmark, and England.MaterialsThe data collected by the Study of Stress, Aging, and Health in Russia, the Study of Middle-Aged Danish Twins and the Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins, and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing was utilized.ResultsAmong the male participants, the age-standardized grip strength was 2 kg and 1 kg lower in Russia than in Denmark and in England, respectively. The age-standardized grip strength among the female participants was 1.9 kg and 1.6 kg lower in Russia than in Denmark and in England, respectively. In Moscow, a one-kilogram increase in grip strength was associated with a 4% (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94, 0.99) reduction in mortality among men and a 10% (HR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.86, 0.94) among women. Meanwhile, a one-kilogram increase in grip strength was associated with a 6% (HR = 0.94, 95%CI: 0.93, 0.95) and an 8% (HR = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.90, 0.94) decrease in mortality among Danish men and women, respectively, and with a 2% (HR = 0.98, 95%CI: 0.97, 0.99) and a 3% (HR = 0.97, 95%CI: 0.95, 0.98) reduction in mortality among the English men and women, respectively.ConclusionThe study suggests that, although absolute grip strength values appear to vary across the Muscovite, Danish, and English samples, the degree to which grip strength is predictive of mortality is comparable across national populations with diverse socioeconomic and health profiles and life expectancy levels.
Highlights
Handgrip strength has been shown to predict all-cause and cause-specific mortality [1,2,3,4,5], oldage disability [6,7,8], cognitive decline [9], and hospitalization [10]
The data collected by the Study of Stress, Aging, and Health in Russia, the Study of MiddleAged Danish Twins and the Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins, and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing was utilized
In Moscow, a one-kilogram increase in grip strength was associated with a 4% reduction in mortality among men and a 10% (HR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.86, 0.94) among women
Summary
Handgrip strength has been shown to predict all-cause and cause-specific mortality [1,2,3,4,5], oldage disability [6,7,8], cognitive decline [9], and hospitalization [10]. Because grip strength has these attributes, and because it is simple and inexpensive to measure, many surveys on health and mortality collect data on grip strength, and provide normative values of grip strength for various populations. Most of the previous international comparisons of grip strength and its prognostic abilities were carried out across countries with low mortality levels [17,18,19]. The results of recent research based on data from 17 countries appear to support the use of grip strength in stratifying the individual risk of death in countries with low to middle levels of economic development [20]. No previous studies have compared the grip strength levels and their ability to predict the stratification of the individual risk of survival of the Russian population with those of the populations of other countries. The data collected by the Study of Stress, Aging, and Health in Russia, the Study of MiddleAged Danish Twins and the Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins, and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing was utilized
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