Handel ludźmi. Kierunki, metody i rodzaje zniewolenia ofiar

Radosław Antonów

doi:10.17951/g.2014.61.1.7

Abstract

The white slave trade belongs to crimes dominated by transnational organized crime activity. The white slave trade at the turn of 20th and 21st centuries constitutes the international issue. The crime is oriented to both the slave trade and the human organs trade. First kind of the trade is mainly related with the rapidly developing sexual services market and the demand for low-paid or unpaid work, so-called slave work. The illegal adoption of children is also related with the white slave trade. Second kind of the trade, namely the human organs trade is related on the one hand with the development and progress of medicine allowing the extensive transplantations, on the other hand with shortage of the human organs to transplant. The white slave trade crime at the beginning of 21st century constitutes the considerable threat to national security and international security, the threat rated among offences against public safety and order.

Highlights

20=/DVRFLN+DQGHOOXGĨPLMDNRSU]HVWĊSVWZRLQDUXV]HQLHSUDZF]áRZLHND«V =RE-%U\N,0DOLQRZVNDRSFLWV 22 1D WHPDW ZSá\ZX SURVW\WXFML QD ]GURZLH F]áRZLHND ]RE % ĝSLOD $VSHNW\ ]GURZRWQH LSV\FKLF]QHSURVW\WXFML]HV]F]HJyOQ\PXZ]JOĊGQLHQLHPSURVW\WXFMLQLHOHWQLFK>Z@3URVW\WXFMDMDNR SUREOHP VSRáHF]Q\ PRUDOQ\ L ]GURZRWQ\ SRG UHG 0 -ĊGU]HMNR 3XáWXVN ± :DUV]DZD V LQ1DWHPDWSURVW\WXFMLZ3ROVFH]RE0)DMVW3URVW\WXFMDZ3ROVFH>Z@$UFKLZXPNU\PLQRORJLL W;;9,,,±VLQ 23=RE-%U\N,0DOLQRZVNDRSFLWV 0-ĊGU]HMNR'6WU]DáD-DNF]\ZRJyOHPRĪQD]DSRELHJDüSURVW\WXFML">Z@3URVW\WXFMD MDNRSUREOHPVSRáHF]Q\PRUDOQ\L]GURZRWQ\V
WXFMą25:\UyĪQLDP\SURVW\WXFMĊĞZLDGF]RQąVWDFMRQDUQLHZUDPDFKSURZDG]RQ\FKGRPyZSXEOLF]Q\FKOXEDJHQFMLWRZDU]\VNLFKRUD]SURVW\WXFMĊSU]\GURĪQą L SURVW\WXFMĊ ĞZLDGF]RQą SU\ZDWQLH =MDZLVNR SURVW\WXFML MHVW QLHUR]HUZDOQLH ]ZLą]DQH]QLHOHJDOQąLPLJUDFMą26:GRELH;;,ZLHNXNLHG\SRZV]HFKQLHGRVWĊSQD MHVW V]\END NRPXQLNDFMD SRPLĊG]\ SDĔVWZDPL D QDZHW NRQW\QHQWDPL PDP\ UyZQLHĪ GR F]\QLHQLD ] W]Z WXU\VW\Ną VHNVXDOQą27 SROHJDMąFą QD RUJDQL]RZDQLX ]DJUDQLF]Q\FK Z\MD]GyZ NWyU\FK FHOHP MHVW NRU]\VWDQLH SU]H] WDNLFK ÄWXU\VWyZ ] XVáXJ VHNVXDOQ\FK ĞZLDGF]RQ\FK SU]H] NRELHW\ Z UyĪQ\FK PLHMVFDFK QD ĞZLHFLH 2UJDQL]DWRUDPL WDNLFK Z\MD]GyZ Vą FRUD] F]ĊĞFLHM VDPL SU]HVWĊSF\NWyU]\QDSRWU]HE\SURZDG]HQLDVZRMHMQLHOHJDOQHMG]LDáDOQRĞFL]DNáDGDMą OHJDOQH URG]DMH G]LDáDOQRĞFL JRVSRGDUF]HM QD SU]\NáDG ELXUD SRGUyĪ\ &HOHPWDNLFKZ\MD]GyZMHVWNRU]\VWDQLH]XVáXJVHNVXDOQ\FKSU]H]NRU]\VWDMąF\FK]WDNLHMWXU\VW\NL28:WHMIRUPLHG]LDáDOQRĞFLSU]HVWĊSFyZZ\NRU]\VW\ZDQH VąUyZQLHĪOHJDOQLHG]LDáDMąFHELXUDSRGUyĪ\QLHPDMąFH]ZLą]NX]SU]HVWĊSF]RĞFLą:LHVáDZ3á\ZDF]HZVNLXZDĪDQDZHWĪHÄDQDOL]DUHODFMLLVWQLHMąF\FKSRPLĊG]\]MDZLVNLHPKDQGOXOXGĨPLRUD]QLHOHJDOQąLPLJUDFMąDVHNWRUHPWXU\VW\NL SURZDG]L GR ]DVDGQLF]HJR ZQLRVNX WXU\VW\ND ]DZV]H WUDNWRZDQD MHVW SU]H] RUJDQL]DFMH SU]HVWĊSF]H LQVWUXPHQWDOQLH WR ]QDF]\ MDNR URG]DM NDPXIODĪX GOD XNU\ZDQLDQLHOHJDOQ\FKLQWHUHVyZ303URVW\WXFMDZLąĪHVLĊUyZQLHĪ]SURGXNFMą ILOPyZSRUQRJUDILF]Q\FK
ZRMVND QLHOHJDOQHM DGRSFML7U]HED SRGNUHĞOLü ĪH ZVSyáF]HĞQLH ÄZ VSRáHF]QRĞFL LPLJUDQWyZ FRUD] OLF]QLHMV]ą JUXSĊ VWDQRZLą PDáROHWQL NWyU]\ SRGUyĪXMą VDPRWQLH OXE UD]HP ]H VZRLPL URG]LQDPL Z SRV]XNLZDQLX OHSV]\FK SHUVSHNW\Z E\WRZ\FK:JUXSLHWHM]QDMGXMąVLĊUyZQLHĪPDáROHWQLHRILDU\KDQGOXSU]\ZRĪRQH GRERJDW\FKNUDMyZ(XURS\=DFKRGQLHMNUHXMąF\FKSRS\WQDWDQLąSUDFĊG]LHFLF]\ G]LHFLĊFHVH[XVáXJL']LHFLZ]DOHĪQRĞFLRGZLHNXVąVSU]HGDZDQHDOERGRSUDF\ZVH[SU]HP\ĞOHSRZ\ĪHMURNXĪ\FLDDOERGRĪHEUDFWZDNUDG]LHĪ\SUDF\ ZFKDUDNWHU]HSRPRF\GRPRZHMZUyĪQ\PZLHNXDOERGRDGRSFMLSRQLĪHMURNX Ī\FLD$JQLHV]ND0RUDZVNDSRGNUHĞOLáDĪHÄLVWRWąSURFHGHUXKDQGOXG]LHüPLMHVW VZRLVWD HODVW\F]QRĞü]PLHQQRĞü L SRGDWQRĞü©U\QNX SRGDĪ\G]LHFLaQDDNWXDOQH ]DSRWU]HERZDQLH ]H VWURQ\ NOLHQWyZ FR ]GHF\GRZDQLH SRWZLHUG]DMą QDMQRZV]H HXURSHMVNLH SU]HND]\ PHGLDOQH PyZLąFH R UHMHVWURZDQLX QRZ\FK F]ĊVWR EDUG]R EUXWDOQ\FKIRUPZ\NRU]\VW\ZDQLDG]LHFLWDNLFKMDNKDQGHORUJDQDPLG]LHFLDQDZHW XĪ\ZDQLH RUJDQyZ G]LHFL GR SUDNW\N VDWDQLVW\F]Q\FK L U\WXDáyZ YRRGRR :3ROVFH]MDZLVNRKDQGOXG]LHüPLÄGRW\F]\SU]HGHZV]\VWNLPJUXS\G]LHFLFXG]R]LHPVNLFKSU]HPLHV]F]DMąF\FKVLĊSRPLĊG]\SRV]F]HJyOQ\PLSDĔVWZDPL

Summary

Introduction

20=/DVRFLN+DQGHOOXGĨPLMDNRSU]HVWĊSVWZRLQDUXV]HQLHSUDZF]áRZLHND«V =RE-%U\N,0DOLQRZVNDRSFLWV 22 1D WHPDW ZSá\ZX SURVW\WXFML QD ]GURZLH F]áRZLHND ]RE % ĝSLOD $VSHNW\ ]GURZRWQH LSV\FKLF]QHSURVW\WXFML]HV]F]HJyOQ\PXZ]JOĊGQLHQLHPSURVW\WXFMLQLHOHWQLFK>Z@3URVW\WXFMDMDNR SUREOHP VSRáHF]Q\ PRUDOQ\ L ]GURZRWQ\ SRG UHG 0 -ĊGU]HMNR 3XáWXVN ± :DUV]DZD V LQ1DWHPDWSURVW\WXFMLZ3ROVFH]RE0)DMVW3URVW\WXFMDZ3ROVFH>Z@$UFKLZXPNU\PLQRORJLL W;;9,,,±VLQ 23=RE-%U\N,0DOLQRZVNDRSFLWV 0-ĊGU]HMNR'6WU]DáD-DNF]\ZRJyOHPRĪQD]DSRELHJDüSURVW\WXFML">Z@3URVW\WXFMD MDNRSUREOHPVSRáHF]Q\PRUDOQ\L]GURZRWQ\V

Results

Conclusion