Handedness-Related Cortical Modulation of the Vestibular-Ocular Reflex

Abstract

Multisensory visuo-vestibular cortical areas are important for spatial orientation and facilitate the control of the brainstem-mediated vestibular ocular reflex (VOR). Despite reports of visual input and cognitive tasks modulating the VOR through cortical control, it is unknown whether higher-order visual stimuli such as bistable perception and attention tasks involving visual imagery have an effect on the VOR. This is a possibility since such stimuli recruit cortical areas overlapping with those engaged during vestibular activation. Here we used a novel paradigm in which human subjects view bistable perceptual stimuli or perform complex attention tasks during concurrent vestibular stimulation. Bistable perceptual phenomena and attention tasks asymmetrically modulated the VOR but only if they involved a visuospatial component (e.g., binocular motion rivalry but not color rivalry). Strikingly, the lateralization effect was dependent upon the subjects' handedness, making this report the first behavioral demonstration that vestibular cortical processing is strongly lateralized to the non-dominant hemisphere. Furthermore, we show that perceptual transitions can modulate the dynamics of the vestibular system contingent upon the presence of a spatial component in the perceptual transition stimuli. Both perceptual transitions and attentional tasks are thought to invoke a redirection of spatial attention. We infer that such redirection of spatial attention engages multisensory vestibular cortical areas that modulate low-level vestibular function which, in turn, may contribute to spatial orientation.