Handbook of Applied Superconductivity

Abstract

List of Contributors Foreword Preface VOLUME 1: FUNDAMENTAL THEORY, BASIC HARDWARE, AND LOW TEMPERATURE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INTRODUCTION The Evolution of Superconducting Theories (A. Golubov) Type II Superconductivity (A. Golubov) High-Temperature Superconductivity (A. Golubov) SUPERCONDUCTING WIRES AND CABLES Field Distribution in Superconductors (A. Campbell) Current Distribution in Superconductors (S. Takacs) Stability of Superconducting Wires and Cables Normal zone in composites (R. Mints) Flux jump instability (R. Mints) Practical stability design (L. Bottura) Cable-in-conduits (L. Bottura) Losses in Superconducting Wires Introduction to AC losses (A. Campbell) Hysteresis losses in superconductors (A. Campbell) Coupling-current losses in composites and cables-analytical calculations (J. Duchateau, B. Turck, and D. Ciazynski) Numerical calculations of AC losses (E. Niessen and A. Roovers) Rutherford-Type Cables-Interstrand Coupling Currents (A. Verweij) Cable-in-Conduit Superconductors (J. Duchateau) Measurement Techniques for the Characterization of Superconducting Wires and Cables Critical temperature (J Cave) Critical fields (J. Cave) Critical current of wires (B. Seeber) Critical current measurements of superconducting wires by the transformer method (P. Fabbricatore and R. Musenich) AC losses in superconducting wires and cables (I. Hlasnik, L. Jansak, and M. Majoros) Commercially Available Superconducting Wires Conductors for DC applications (H. Krauth) Low Tc superconductors for 50/60 Hz applications (T. Verhaege, Y. Laumond, and A. Lacaze) New Superconducting Wires Chevrel phases (B. Seeber) General aspects of high-temperature superconductor wires and tapes (I. Tenbrink) The case of Bi(2223) tapes (R. Flukiger and G. Grasso) SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETS Basics of Superconducting Magnet Design (F. Zerobin and B. Seeber) Practical Aspects of Superconducting Magnet Manufacturing (F. Zerobin and B. Seeber) Quench Propagation and Magnet Protection (K. Mess) Quench Propagation and Protection in Cable-in-Conduit Superconductors (L. Bottura) Radiation Effects on Superconducting Fusion Magnet Components (H. Weber) COOLING TECHNOLOGY FOR SUPERCONDUCTORS The Properties of Cryogens (V. Arp and R. Richardson) Dielectric Properties of Cryogens (J. Gerhold) The Thermodynamics of Cryocycles (J. Weber) Refrigerators (H. Quack) Examples of Cryogenic Plants (M. Wanner and B. Ziegler) Small Cryocoolers (A. Ravex) Magnetic Refrigeration (P. Seyfert) Cryostats (N. Balshaw) Bath Cryostats for Superfluid Helium Cooling (G. Claudet) Current Leads (P. Herrmann) Forced Cooling Forced-flow cooling of superconducting magnets (I. Horvath). Some aspects of cryogenic pumps (Hofmann) Safety with Cryogens (R. Richardson) INSTRUMENTATION Cryogenic Fluid-Level Indicators (J. Casas) Gas Flow-Rate Meters (J. Casas) Pressure Measurement of Cryogenic Gases and Liquids (J. Zichy) Thermometry (F. Pavese) Methods and Instrumentation for Magnetic Field Measurements (K. Henrichsen, C. Reymond, and M. Tkatchenko) MATERIALS AT LOW TEMPERATURES Mechanical Properties of Engineering Metals and Alloys Basic aspects of tensile properties (B. Obst) Structural stainless steel materials (A. Nyilas) Low Temperature Properties of Fiber Composites (G. Hartwig) Electrical Resistivity (B Seeber) Thermal Conductivity (B Seeber and G White) Specific Heat (G White) Thermal Expansion (G White) Dielectric Properties (J Gerhold) Thermoelectric Effects of Superconductors (A Kaiser, C Uher) VOLUME 2: APPLICATIONS PRESENT APPLICATIONS OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY Ultra-High-Field Magnets for Research Applications (N Kerley) Medical, Biological, and Chemical Applications NMR spectroscopy for chemical applications (W. Tschopp and D. Laukien) Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy, medical applications (W. Muller and D. Hopfel) SQUID sensors for medical applications (O. Dossel, B. David, M. Fuchs, and H. Wischmann) Superconducting Magnets for Thermonuclear Fusion (TORE SUPRA) (J. Duchateau) Superconducting Magnets for Particle Accelerators (dipoles, multipoles) (R. Perin and D. Leroy) Superconducting Synchrotron X-Ray Sources (M. Wilson) Superconducting Magnetic Separation (J. Watson) High-Frequency Cavities (W. Weingarten) A Superconducting Transportation System (E. Suzuki, K. Sawada, S. Fujiwara, and Y. Kakamichi) Superconducting Magnetic Bearings (T. Coombs) Magnetic Shielding (F. Pavese) POWER APPLICATIONS OF SUPERCONDUCTIVITY An Introduction to the Power Applications of Superconductivity (A. Appleton and D. Prothero) Synchronous Machines Generators with superconducting field windings (H. Koefler) Motors with superconducting field windings (H. Koefler) Fully superconducting generators (P. Tixador) Direct Current Machines (A. Appleton and D. Prothero) Transformers (Y. Laumond) Power Transmission (J. Gerhold) Fault Current Limiters (T. Verhaege and Y. Laumond) Energy Storage Small and fast-acting SMES systems (H. Lorenzen, U. Brammer, M. Harke, and R. Rosenbauer) Impact of SC magnet energy storage on power system operation (E. Handschin and T. Stephanblome) SUPERCONDUCTING ELECTRONICS Josephson Junctions (H. Rogalla) SQUID Sensors (J. Flokstra) Single Flux Quantum Electronics (Nakajima) Josephson Voltage Standards (Niemeyer) Signal Processing Applications Analogue processing by passive devices Analogue-digital converters (G. Gerritsma) Electromagnetic Wave Receivers Thermal detection and antennas (P. Hartemann) Superconducting heterodyne receivers (T. Noguchi and S-C Shi) Glossary Index